Pica D et al. (2015), Southern hemisphere deep-water stylasterid cora...

ECB-ART-50039

Zookeys 2015 Jan 19;472:1-25. doi: 10.3897/zookeys.472.8547.

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Southern hemisphere deep-water stylasterid corals including a new species, Errinalabrosa sp. n. (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa, Stylasteridae), with notes on some symbiotic scalpellids (Cirripedia, Thoracica, Scalpellidae).

Pica D , Cairns SD , Puce S , Newman WA .

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A number of stylasterid corals are known to act as host species and create refuges for a variety of mobile and sessile organisms, which enhances their habitat complexity. These include annelids, anthozoans, cirripeds, copepods, cyanobacteria, echinoderms, gastropods, hydroids and sponges. Here we report the first evidence of a diverse association between stylasterids and scalpellid pedunculate barnacles and describe a new stylasterid species, Errinalabrosa, from the Tristan da Cunha Archipelago. Overall, five stylasterid species are found to host eight scalpellid barnacles from several biogeographic regions in the southern hemisphere (Southern Ocean, temperate South America and the southern Indo-Pacific realms). There is an apparent lack of specificity in this kind of association and different grades of reaction to the symbiosis have been observed in the coral. These records suggest that the association between pedunculate barnacles and hard stylasterid corals has a wide distribution among different biogeographic realms and that it is relatively rare and confined largely to deep water.

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	Figure 1. Stephanohelia sp. a Colony. SEM micrographs of b branch with polychotomous tiny branches and male ampullae c small abcauline spines d texture e polychotomous branches with aligned dactylopores f gastrostyle g female ampulla.
	Figure 2. Errina fissurata Gray, 1872. a Colony. SEM micrographs of b apical branch c–d reticulate-granular coenosteal texture e gastrostyle f bifurcating spines of gastrostyle g different type of pores: gastropore (black arrow), large dactylopore spine (yellow arrow), small dactylopore spine (orange arrow) and large round pore (red arrow) h large dactylopore spine (yellow arrow), small dactylopore spines (orange arrows) and large round pore (red arrow) i large adcauline dactylopore spines j dactylostyles k small dactylopore spine l female ampulla m male ampulla.
	Figure 3. Errina labrosa sp. n. a–b Holotype. SEM micrographs of c spiny branch apex with gastropores and dactylopores uniformly distributed d middle portion of the colony e lateral view of the colony branch with gastropores are aligned and surrounded by the dactylopores f superficial coenosteum without pore g texture reticulate-granular h gastropore with lip i gastropore without lip.
	Figure 4. Errina labrosa sp. n. SEM micrographs of a gastrostyle b multitipped bifurcating spines of the gastrostyle c diffuse ring palisade d–f dactylopores from the apical region to the base.
	Figure 5. Errina labrosa sp. n. SEM micrographs of a dactylopore without spine b dactylostyle c–d ampullae.
	Figure 6. Errina fissurata. a Specimen with Trianguloscalpellum sp. b SEM of Trianguloscalpellum sp. c specimen with Ornatoscalpellum cf. vanhoeffeni d peduncular plates in cavity in coral coenosteum e SEM of where a barnacle was detached (yellow arrow) next to a superficial bump (white arrow) f peduncular scales in a bump g young barnacles one with peduncle in a dactylopore (arrow).
	Figure 7. a–b Peduncle of Arcoscalpellum sp. 1 not covered by coenosteum of Errina labrosa sp. n. c–d Peduncle of Arcoscalpellum sp. 2 not covered by coenosteum in Inferiolabiata spinosa and SEM micrograph of same species e scalpelline sp. 2 concentrated in the basal portion in Errina antarctica f peduncle Ornatoscalpellum cf. gibberum attached to but free of coral skeleton in Errina antarctica g circular bumps with little depressions on the top in Errina antarctica h scalpelline sp. 3 with peduncle fully and lower margin of capitulum partially covered by the calcareous skeleton of Stephanohelia sp.

References [+] :

Cairns, Global diversity of the Stylasteridae (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa: Athecatae). 2011, Pubmed