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Dev Cell
2020 Aug 10;543:395-409.e7. doi: 10.1016/j.devcel.2020.05.003.
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The Perinuclear ER Scales Nuclear Size Independently of Cell Size in Early Embryos.
Mukherjee RN
,
Sallé J
,
Dmitrieff S
,
Nelson KM
,
Oakey J
,
Minc N
,
Levy DL
.
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Nuclear size plays pivotal roles in gene expression, embryo development, and disease. A central hypothesis in organisms ranging from yeast to vertebrates is that nuclear size scales to cell size. This implies that nuclei may reach steady-state sizes set by limiting cytoplasmic pools of size-regulating components. By monitoring nuclear dynamics in early sea urchin embryos, we found that nuclei undergo substantial growth in each interphase, reaching a maximal size prior to mitosis that declined steadily over the course of development. Manipulations of cytoplasmic volume through multiple chemical and physical means ruled out cell size as a major determinant of nuclear size and growth. Rather, our data suggest that the perinuclear endoplasmic reticulum, accumulated through dynein activity, serves as a limiting membrane pool that sets nuclear surface growth rate. Partitioning of this local pool at each cell division modulates nuclear growth kinetics and dictates size scaling throughout early development.
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