Danopoulos E et al. (2020), Microplastic Contamination of Seafood Intended ...

ECB-ART-49409

Environ Health Perspect 2020 Dec 01;12812:126002. doi: 10.1289/EHP7171.

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Microplastic Contamination of Seafood Intended for Human Consumption: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Danopoulos E , Jenner LC , Twiddy M , Rotchell JM .

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BACKGROUND: Microplastics (MPs) have contaminated all compartments of the marine environment including biota such as seafood; ingestion from such sources is one of the two major uptake routes identified for human exposure. OBJECTIVES: The objectives were to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of the levels of MP contamination in seafood and to subsequently estimate the annual human uptake. METHODS: MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Web of Science were searched from launch (1947, 1974, and 1900, respectively) up to October 2020 for all studies reporting MP content in seafood species. Mean, standard deviations, and ranges of MPs found were collated. Studies were appraised systematically using a bespoke risk of bias (RoB) assessment tool. RESULTS: in echinodermata. Maximum annual human MP uptake was estimated to be close to 55,000 MP particles. Statistical, sample, and methodological heterogeneity was high. DISCUSSION: This is the first systematic review, to our knowledge, to assess and quantify MP contamination of seafood and human uptake from its consumption, suggesting that action must be considered in order to reduce human exposure via such consumption. Further high-quality research using standardized methods is needed to cement the scientific evidence on MP contamination and human exposures. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP7171.

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	Figure 2. The overall microplastics per gram (MPs/g) content for mollusks illustrated in a log10 scale. Points represent mean MPs/g values for the studies, where reported. Whiskers represent the reported ranges of MPs/g.
	Figure 3. Pearson correlation analysis between the amount of microplastics per gram (MPs/g) in mussels and the percentage of similarity compared with the spectral library that has been used as the level of acceptance. R is the Pearson correlation coefficient with the corresponding p-value. The gray-shaded area represents the 95% confidence belt.
	Figure 4. Forest plot for subgroup analysis between six molluskan families using a mixed-effects model (random-effects model for studies within each category and fixed-effect model between family categories). Studies were weighted using the inverse of the variance method (Chen and Peace 2013). The x-axis represents the standardized mean difference expressed in microplastics per gram (MPs/g). The vertical line is the line of null effect where MP content is 0. The gray boxes represent the pooled effect estimate and the lines the 95% confidence interval (CI). The size of the boxes is proportional to the study weight. The diamonds are the combined point estimates and CI for each of the subgroups. The dotted line is the overall pooled effect for all subgroups with a corresponding diamond. The red box is the 95% prediction interval. The a (superscript) samples collected form the environment; b (superscript) samples collected form the market (J Li et al. 2018).
	Figure 5. Forest plot for random-effects model results for mussels without the two high risk of bias (RoB) studies (Hermabessiere et al. 2019; SY Zhao et al. 2018). The x-axis represents the standardized mean difference (SMD) expressed in microplastics per gram (MPs/g). TE is the MP content reported by each study, and seTE is the calculated standard error. The vertical line is the line of null effect where MP content is 0. The gray boxes represent the pooled effect estimate and the whiskers, the 95% confidence interval (CI). The size of the boxes is proportional to the study weight. The diamond is the combined point estimate and 95% CI, and the dotted line is the overall pooled effect. The black box represents the 95% prediction interval. The a (superscript) samples collected form the environment; b (superscript) samples collected form the market (J Li et al. 2018).
	Figure 6. Forest plot for random-effects model for oysters, sensitivity analysis results without the high-risk of bias study (Baechler et al. 2020), and the statistical outlier of extremely large effects (Abidli et al. 2019). The x-axis represents the standardized mean difference (SMD) expressed in microplastics per gram (MPs/g). TE is the MP content reported by each study, and seTE is the calculated standard error. The vertical line is the line of null effect where MP content is 0. The gray boxes represent the pooled effect estimate and the whiskers the 95% confidence interval (CI). The size of the boxes is proportional to the study weight. The diamond is the combined point estimate and 95% CI, and the dotted line is the overall pooled effect. The black box represents the 95% prediction interval. Note: an., analysis.
	Figure 7. The overall microplastics per gram (MPs/g) content for crustacean families of shrimps, barnacles, and crabs; illustrated in a log10 scale. Points represent mean MPs/g values and whiskers represent the corresponding standard deviations (SDs). The results of Hossain et al. (2020) and Thushari et al. (2017) have been pooled per family and species, respectively. A, shrimps; B, barnacles; C, crabs.
	Figure 8. Predicted global yearly maximum microplastic (MP) particles uptake through mollusk consumption. The data have been calculated using the FAO (2020a) consumption data for the different mollusks’ families per country and the maximum MPs/g content of mollusks derived from the statistical summary results herein. The numerical data is shown in Table S15. MP data were classified in 10 categories using quantile classification for illustration purposes. The hatched areas illustrate countries for which data on mollusk consumption were not available.

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