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Eur J Dent
2021 May 01;152:228-235. doi: 10.1055/s-0040-1719215.
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The Effect of Anadara granosa Shell's-Stichopus hermanni Scaffold on CD44 and IL-10 Expression to Decrease Osteoclasts in Socket Healing.
Sari RP
,
Revianti S
,
Andriani D
,
Prananingrum W
,
Rahayu RP
,
Sudjarwo SA
.
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OBJECTIVES: This article aimed to investigate the effect of Anadara granosa (AG) shell's-Stichopus hermanni scaffold on cluster of differentiation (CD)44 and interleukin-10 (IL-10) expression to decrease osteoclasts in socket healing.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty male Wistar rats were divided into five groups. The lower left incisor was extracted, then given a placebo for group control (K), the treatment group was administered with scaffold from AG shells, and a treatment group with scaffold from blood cockle shell-S. hermanni with the concentration of 0.4, 0.8, and 1.6% (AGSH0.4; AGSH0.8; AGSH1.6). We made a bone graft from a combination of AGSH extract using the freeze-dried method. The socket was sutured by silk braid immediately. Third and Seventh days postextraction, animals are killed. CD44 and IL-10 expression were examined with immunohistochemistry, as well as osteoclast was examined with hematoxylin-eosin.
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: The data were analyzed using a one-way analysis of variance (for CD44 and osteoclast) and Kruskal-Wallis' test (for IL-10) followed by a post hoc test in which the result of p < 0.05.
RESULTS: Scaffold from a combination of AGSH increased CD44 expression significantly, which enhanced IL-10 expression thereby decreased the number of osteoclasts in socket healing on days 3 and 7.
CONCLUSION: Scaffold of AG shell-S. hermanni with a concentration of 0.8% was effective to enhance CD44 and IL-10 expression to decrease osteoclast in socket healing after tooth extraction.
Fig. 1.
Histological section of CD44 expression with application of bone graft from AGSH combination in 2/3 socket apical after tooth extraction. Pathological conditions in control group (3 days = A and 7 days = B) showed that CD44 expression on macrophages. CD44 expression on macrophages has increased in the application of bone graft from the AG shell (C, D); AGSH0.4 (E, F); AGSH0.8 (G, H); AGSH1.6 (I, J). Staining of IHC with anti-CD44 monoclonal. Observation using a light microscope at 400 magnification. AG,
Anadara granosa
; AGSH,
Anadara granosa
shell and
Stichopus hermanni
; CD, cluster of differentiation; IHC, immunohistochemical.
Fig. 2.
CD44 expression after application bone graft from AGSH combination in 2/3 socket apical. CD44 expression in the control group (C) was seen on 3 days and increase on 7 days. While CD44 expression on AG shell treatment group on 3 days were more than those on control group, and they were increased on 7 days. Application bone graft in other groups (AGSH0.4; AGSH0.8; AGSH1.6) was increased of CD44 expression on macrophages. The highest CD44 expression on macrophages was found in the 0.8 AGSH group both on 3 and 7 days. AG,
Anadara granosa
; AGSH,
Anadara granosa
shell and
Stichopus hermanni
; CD, cluster of differentiation.
Fig. 3.
Histological section of IL-10 expression with application of bone graft from AGSH combination in 2/3 socket apical after tooth extraction. Pathological conditions in control group (3 days = A and 7 days = B) showed that IL-10 expression on macrophages. IL-10 expression on macrophages has increased in the application of bone graft from the AG shell (C, D); AGSH0.4 (E, F); AGSH0.8 (G, H), but decrease again in AGSH1.6 (I, J). Staining of IHC with anti-IL-10 monoclonal. Observation using a light microscope at 400 magnification. AG,
Anadara granosa
; AGSH,
Anadara granosa
shell and
Stichopus hermanni
; IHC, immunohistochemical; IL-10, interleukin-10.
Fig. 4.
IL-10 expression after application bone graft from AGSH combination in 2/3 socket apical. IL-10 expression in the control group (C) was seen on 3 days and increase on 7 days. While IL-10 expression on AG shell treatment group on 3 days were more than those on control group, and they were increased on 7 days. Application bone graft in other groups (AGSH0.4; AGSH0.8; AGSH1.6) was increased of IL-10 expression on macrophages. The highest IL-10 expression on macrophages was found in the 0.8 AGSH group both on 3 and 7 days. AG, Anadara granosa; AGSH, Anadara granosa shell and Stichopus hermanni; IHC, immunohistochemical; IL-10, interleukin-10.
Fig. 5.
Histological section of osteoclast with application of bone graft from AGSH combination in 2/3 socket apical after tooth extraction. Pathological conditions in control group (3 days = A and 7 days = B) showed that a lot of osteoclast on macrophages. The number of osteoclast on macrophages has decreased in the application of bone graft from the AG shell (C, D); AGSH0.4 (E, F); AGSH0.8 (G, H); AGSH1.6 (I, J). Staining of haematoxylin eosin (HE). Observation using a light microscope at 400 magnification. AG,
Anadara granosa
; AGSH,
Anadara granosa
shell and
Stichopus hermanni
.
Fig. 6.
The number of osteoclast after application bone graft from AGSH combination in 2/3 socket apical. The number of osteoclast in the control group (K) was seen on 3 days and decrease on 7 days. (point) The osteoclast on AG treatment group was less than those on control group, and they were decreased on 7 days. However, in other treatment groups (AGSH0.4; AGSH0.8; AGSH1.6), the decrease of osteoclasts number was shown. The lowest number of osteoclasts was found in the 0.8 AGSH group both on 3 and 7 days. AG, Anadara granosa; AGSH, Anadara granosa shell and Stichopus hermanni; CD, cluster of differentiation.
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