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Marine-derived peptide powders have suffered from adulteration via the substitution of lower-price peptides or the addition of adulterants in the market. This study aims to establish an effective approach for the discrimination and detection of adulterants for four representative categories of marine-derived peptide powders, namely, oyster peptides, sea cucumber peptides, Antarctic krill peptides, and fish skin peptides, based on amino acid profiling alongside chemometric analysis. The principal component analysis and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis results indicate that four categories of marine-derived peptides could be distinctly classified into four clusters and aggregated with the respective raw materials. Taurine, glycine, lysine, and protein contents were the major discriminants. A reliable classification model was constructed and validated by the prediction dataset, mixture sample dataset, and unclassified sample dataset with accuracy values of 100%, 100%, and 100%, respectively.
31801479 National Natural Science Foundation of China, 2018SDKJ0304-2 Marine Science and Technology Fund of Shandong Province, 862001013136 Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China
Figure 1. Chemometric analysis. (A) Score plot of the PCA for raw materials. (B) Loading plot of the PCA for raw materials. (C) Score plot of the OPLSâDA for raw materials. (D) VIP plot of the OPLSâDA for raw materials. (E) Score plot of the PCA for marine-derived peptides. (F) Loading plot of the PCA for marine-derived peptides. (G) Score plot of the OPLSâDA for marine-derived peptides. (H) VIP plot of the OPLSâDA for marine-derived peptides.
Figure 2. Chemometric analysis for the marine-derived peptides combined with the respective raw materials. (A) Score plot of the PCA model. (B) Loading plot of the PCA model. (C) Score plot of the OPLSâDA model. (D) VIP plot of the OPLSâDA model.
Figure 3. Classification model for the marine-derived peptides. (A) DModX PS+ column plot of the oyster group. (B) DModX PS+ column plot of the sea cucumber group. (C) DModX PS+ column plot of the Antarctic krill group. (D) DModX PS+ column plot of the fish skin group. (E) Misclassification table of the training set. (F) Misclassification table of the prediction set.
Figure 4. Application of the classification model based on the DModX PS+ column plot for adulteration detection using (AâD) the marine-derived peptide mixture sample dataset and (EâH) the unclassified peptide sample dataset.
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