Click
here to close Hello! We notice that
you are using Internet Explorer, which is not supported by Echinobase
and may cause the site to display incorrectly. We suggest using a
current version of Chrome,
FireFox,
or Safari.
Heliyon
2020 Jan 16;61:e03199. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e03199.
Show Gene links
Show Anatomy links
Down-regulation of TGF-β, VEGF, and bFGF in vascular endothelial cells of chicken induced by a brittle star (Ophiocoma erinaceus) extract.
Kachooei SA
,
Rahmani R
,
Zareh N
,
Donyadideh F
,
Kachooei SA
,
Nabiuni M
,
Yazdansetad S
.
???displayArticle.abstract???
Great attention has been focused on the discovery of anti-angiogenic natural and synthetic compounds to be finally used as or at least a part of the treatment of tumors. The marine ecosystems provide diversity in natural chemicals with the potential of being exploited as medicines in the treatment of diseases. Several studies have investigated Ophiuroids as a source of anti-tumor and anti-metastatic organisms. Here, we described the inhibitory effects of an ethanolic crude extract of brittle star (Ophiocoma erinaceus) on angiogenesis and the expression level of TGF-β, VEGF, and bFGF in chicken chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) as an experimental model. To do this 45 embryonated eggs were randomly divided into six groups including the control group, sham, three experimental groups and positive. The number and the length of vessels were calculated using ImageJ® software. The relative mRNA levels of the genes in different groups were evaluated by qRT-PCR method. Our study was suggestive of an anti-angiogenesis effect of brittle star ethanolic crude extract in a CAM model. The extract also showed a pharmacological effect of down-regulation of mRNA related to VEGF, TGF-β, and bFGF genes on chicken vascular endothelial cells. It was also showed that the observed inhibitory effect is with a dose-dependent manner in which the highest inhibitory effect belonged to the highest used dose. We indicated the anti-angiogenesis properties of the Persian Gulf brittle star. Further studies are needed in other aspects of the brittle star extract in the treatment of angiogenesis, hyperplasia, and cancers.
Figure 1. Photomicrographs of CAM in the control and treatment groups. The effect of the extract on angiogenesis is showed in these figures. (A) positive control (100 μg/ml sutent®), (B) negative control (C) sham exposure, (D) first treatment (25 μg/ml), (E) second treatment (50 μg/ml), (F) third treatment (100 μg/ml). As indicated, a dose dependent manner was seen in treatment groups by extracts. The picture magnification is 5.5.
Figure 2. Mean of the number of blood vessels in experimented (treated) groups (n = 3, Mean ± SD, ***p < 0.001). The decreasing effect of the extract on the number of blood vessels was shown quantitatively. As seen, the extract affected the number of blood vessels in a dose dependent manner.
Figure 3. Mean of the length of blood vessels in experimented (treated) groups (n = 3, Mean ± SD, ***p < 0.001). The effect of the extract on the length of blood vessels was shown quantitatively. As seen, the extract affected the length of blood vessels in a dose dependent manner.
Figure 4. The relative expression of VEGF, bFGF, and TGF-β genes in exprimented (treated) groups (n = 3, Mean ± SD, ***P<0.001, **P<0.05). The figure shows the results of real time PCR assay using bar chart. As it can be seen, the extract of brittle star reduces the expression of VEGF, bFGF, and TGF-β genes in treatment and positive control groups so that the highest reduction in mRNA was related to positive control group and the treatment groups also showed a dose dependent decrease in expression of these genes. This reduction in mRNA levels related to TGF-β gene in the first and second treatment groups were not significant (p>0.05) and was significant for third treatment and positive control groups with a level significance of p<0.001. The reduction of the mRNA levels related to bFGF gene was significant for first treated group with a level significance of p<0.05 and for second and third groups with a level significance of p<0.001. The reduction level related to VEGF gene was significant for first and second treated groups with a level significance of p<0.05 and for third group and positive control with a level significance of p<0.001.
Adair,
NULL
2010,
Pubmed
Amini,
Metastatic Inhibitory and Radical Scavenging Efficacies of Saponins Extracted from the Brittle Star (Ophiocoma erinaceus).
2015,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
Andersson,
Biological activity of saponins and saponin-like compounds from starfish and brittle-stars.
1989,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
Baharara,
The anti-proliferative and anti-angiogenic effect of the methanol extract from brittle star.
2015,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
Baharara,
The Potential of Brittle Star Extracted Polysaccharide in Promoting Apoptosis via Intrinsic Signaling Pathway.
2015,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
Baharara,
Evaluation of the Anti-proliferative Effects of Ophiocoma erinaceus Methanol Extract Against Human Cervical Cancer Cells.
2016,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
Carmeliet,
Angiogenesis in cancer and other diseases.
2000,
Pubmed
Chowdhury,
Changes in the expression of TGFbeta-isoforms in the anterior pituitary during withdrawal and resumption of feeding in hens.
2003,
Pubmed
Cragg,
Natural products: a continuing source of novel drug leads.
2013,
Pubmed
Cross,
FGF and VEGF function in angiogenesis: signalling pathways, biological responses and therapeutic inhibition.
2001,
Pubmed
Das,
Expression of transforming growth factor-beta isoforms and their receptors in utero-vaginal junction of hen oviduct in presence or absence of resident sperm with reference to sperm storage.
2006,
Pubmed
DeBord,
The chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) as a versatile patient-derived xenograft (PDX) platform for precision medicine and preclinical research.
2018,
Pubmed
Ferrari,
Transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-beta1) induces angiogenesis through vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-mediated apoptosis.
2009,
Pubmed
Folkman,
Angiogenesis.
2006,
Pubmed
Gatne,
Development of collateral vessels: A new paradigm in CAM angiogenesis model.
2016,
Pubmed
Gotink,
Anti-angiogenic tyrosine kinase inhibitors: what is their mechanism of action?
2010,
Pubmed
Gupta,
Mechanism and its regulation of tumor-induced angiogenesis.
2003,
Pubmed
Huang,
Dichotomous roles of TGF-β in human cancer.
2016,
Pubmed
Johnson,
Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor and Angiogenesis in the Regulation of Cutaneous Wound Repair.
2014,
Pubmed
Logue,
Therapeutic angiogenesis by vascular endothelial growth factor supplementation for treatment of renal disease.
2016,
Pubmed
Miller,
A novel technique for quantifying changes in vascular density, endothelial cell proliferation and protein expression in response to modulators of angiogenesis using the chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay.
2004,
Pubmed
Mroczek-Sosnowska,
Nanoparticles of copper stimulate angiogenesis at systemic and molecular level.
2015,
Pubmed
Pan,
Cloning, expression, and characterization of chicken transforming growth factor beta 4.
2003,
Pubmed
Presta,
Fibroblast growth factor/fibroblast growth factor receptor system in angiogenesis.
2005,
Pubmed
Regad,
Targeting RTK Signaling Pathways in Cancer.
2015,
Pubmed
Ribatti,
The Chick Embryo Chorioallantoic Membrane as an In Vivo Assay to Study Antiangiogenesis.
2010,
Pubmed
Ribatti,
The gelatin sponge-chorioallantoic membrane assay.
2006,
Pubmed
Song,
Molecular Targets of Active Anticancer Compounds Derived from Marine Sources.
2018,
Pubmed
Stöhr,
Global diversity of brittle stars (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea).
2012,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
Tahergorabi,
A review on angiogenesis and its assays.
2012,
Pubmed
Ucuzian,
Molecular mediators of angiogenesis.
2010,
Pubmed
Wierzbicki,
Carbon nanoparticles downregulate expression of basic fibroblast growth factor in the heart during embryogenesis.
2013,
Pubmed
Zhao,
Targeting Angiogenesis in Cancer Therapy: Moving Beyond Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor.
2015,
Pubmed
