Jedlicka LDL et al. (2018), Effects of Diacetyl Flavoring Exposure in Mice ...

ECB-ART-46507

Biomed Res Int 2018 Jan 01;2018:9875319. doi: 10.1155/2018/9875319.

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Effects of Diacetyl Flavoring Exposure in Mice Metabolism.

Jedlicka LDL , Silva JDC , Balbino AM , Neto GB , Furtado DZS , da Silva HDT , Cavalcanti FBC , van der Heijden KM , Penatti CAA , Bechara EJH , Assunção NA .

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Diacetyl is a flavoring that imparts a buttery flavor to foods, but the use or exposure to diacetyl has been related to some diseases. We investigated the effect of oral intake of diacetyl in male and female C57/Bl mice. We performed a target metabolomics assay using ultraperformance liquid chromatography paired with triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) for the determination and quantification of plasmatic metabolites. We observed alterations in metabolites present in the urea and tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycles. Peroxynitrite plasmatic levels were evaluated by a colorimetric method, final activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) was evaluated by an enzymatic method, and mouse behavior was evaluated. Majority of the assay showed differences between control and treatment groups, as well as between genders. This may indicate the involvement of sex hormones in the regulation of a normal metabolic profile, and the implication of sex differences in metabolite disease response.

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Genes referenced: LOC583082 sod1

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	Figure 1. Changes in metabolic profile from male and female control groups and groups treated with 300 mg/kg/day of diacetyl. (a) Venn diagram of number of metabolites that increased and decreased in groups treated with diacetyl. (b) Venn diagram of number of metabolites that increased in groups treated with diacetyl. (c) Venn diagram of number of metabolites that decreased in groups treated with diacetyl.
	Figure 2. Heatmap of plasma metabolites from male controls, males treated with 300 mg/kg/day of diacetyl, female controls, and females treated with 300 mg/kg/day of diacetyl.
	Figure 3. Multivariate analysis: principal component analysis (PCA) and dendrogram of male and female mice in control groups and groups treated with 300 mg/kg/day of diacetyl. (a) PCA of male and female mice in control groups and groups treated with 300 mg/kg/day of diacetyl. (b) Dendrogram showing Euclidean distance-based similarity of metabolite levels in control and treated groups.
	Figure 4. Quantitative set enrichment analysis of metabolites in male and female groups treated with 300 mg/kg/day of diacetyl. (a) Affected pathways in males. (b) Affected pathways in females.
	Figure 5. Quantitative set enrichment analysis of metabolites in male and female groups treated with 300 mg/kg/day of diacetyl. (a) Related diseases for male treated group. (b) Related diseases for female treated group.
	Figure 6. Open field test results, with time (s) spent in periphery and central regions. (a) First round of analysis. (b) Second round of analysis.
	Figure 7. Peroxynitrite levels and SOD final activity in male and female control groups and groups treated with 300 mg/kg/day of diacetyl. (a) Peroxynitrite levels in male and female control groups and groups treated with 300 mg/kg/day of diacetyl. (b) SOD final activity in male and female control groups and groups treated with 300 mg/kg/day of diacetyl. ∗ groups with statistical difference (ANOVA and Posttest Bonferroni) from female control group (p < 0.0001). Values expressed as mean ± SEM. # groups with statistical difference (ANOVA and Posttest Bonferroni) from male control groups (p < 0.0001). Values expressed as mean ± SEM.

References [+] :

Alonso, Sex differences in behavioral despair: relationships between behavioral despair and open field activity. 1991, Pubmed