Nat Prod Res 2019 Sep 01;3318:2623-2630. doi: 10.1080/14786419.2018.1463223.

Granulatosides D, E and other polar steroid compounds from the starfish Choriaster granulatus. Their immunomodulatory activity and cytotoxicity.

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Two new steroid glycosides, granulatosides D (1) and E (2), belonging to the group of bi- and monoglycosides of polyhydroxysteroids, respectively, were isolated from the ethanolic extract of the starfish Choriaster granulatus along with thirteen previously known glycosides of polyhydroxysteroids (3-15) and one steroid heptaol (16). The structures of the new compounds were elucidated by extensive NMR and ESIMS techniques. Cytotoxic and immunomodulatory activities of compounds 1, 3-8, and 10-16 using murine splenocytes and peritoneal macrophages were studied. At a dose of 0.1 μM new glycoside 1 showed immunomodulatory properties, increasing the intracellular ROS (reactive oxygen species) level in peritoneal murine macrophages by 20% and decreasing intracellular ROS level by 21% in pre-treated with endotoxic lipopolysaccharide from E. coli (LPS) peritoneal macrophages.

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Genes referenced: LOC591473 ros1