ECB-ART-45859
Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc
2018 May 01;932:1056-1076. doi: 10.1111/brv.12384.
Show Gene links
Show Anatomy links
Tick attachment cement - reviewing the mysteries of a biological skin plug system.
Suppan J
,
Engel B
,
Marchetti-Deschmann M
,
Nürnberger S
.
???displayArticle.abstract???
The majority of ticks in the family Ixodidae secrete a substance anchoring their mouthparts to the host skin. This substance is termed cement. It has adhesive properties and seals the lesion during feeding. The particular chemical composition and the curing process of the cement are unclear. This review summarizes the literature, starting with a historical overview, briefly introducing the different hypotheses on the origin of the adhesive and how the tick salivary glands have been identified as its source. Details on the sequence of cement deposition, the curing process and detachment are provided. Other possible functions of the cement, such as protection from the host immune system and antimicrobial properties, are presented. Histochemical and ultrastructural data of the intracellular granules in the salivary gland cells, as well as the secreted cement, suggest that proteins constitute the main material, with biochemical data revealing glycine to be the dominant amino acid. Applied methods and their restrictions are discussed. Tick cement is compared with adhesives of other animals such as barnacles, mussels and sea urchins. Finally, we address the potential of tick cement for the field of biomaterial research and in particular for medical applications in future.
???displayArticle.pubmedLink??? 29119723
???displayArticle.pmcLink??? PMC5947171
???displayArticle.link??? Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc
Genes referenced: LOC100887844 LOC100892350 LOC115919910
???attribute.lit??? ???displayArticles.show???
|
|
|
|
|
Figure 1. Artificial feeding of ticks. (A) Dermacentor marginatus (Sulzer, 1776), male attached to a silicone membrane. (B) Chelicerae visible after cutting through the membrane. (C) Cement deposition between the palps at the upper side, and (D) at the underside of the membrane. Scale bars: A, C = 300 µm; B, D = 100 µm. |
|
Figure 2. Mouthparts of a female Dermacentor marginatus. Between two palps (P) there are paired chelicerae (C) and the hypostome (H). The chelicerae are extendable and cut into the host tissue during attachment. The hypostome acts dorsally as channel for saliva and blood, ventrally there are rows of teeth anchoring the tick to the cement and host tissue. The palps remain at the skin surface and fulfil sensory functions. Scale bar = 200 µm. |
|
Figure 3. Acini and cell types of the salivary glands of the tick Rhipicephalus microplus (female) and changes that occur during feeding. Type I acini remain unchanged during feeding, whereas there are pronounced alterations in acini II and III. The position of a‐, d‐ and e‐cells involved in cement production are shown by asterisks. Image adapted from Kemp et al. (1982). (Reprinted with kind permission of Elsevier). |
|
Figure 4. Examples of types of attachment by female ixodid ticks. The cement can form superficial cones of different sizes, with pronounced lateral flanges, or support the inserted mouthparts. Additional cement can infiltrate the host epidermis around the feeding site in Dermacentor females. Ixodes holocyclus is given for comparison, as this species does not produce cement. Symbols: C, cement; D, dermis; E, epidermis; F, feeding pool; P, palps. Image adapted from Moorhouse (1969). (Reprinted with kind permission of Akadémiai Kiadó). |
References [+] :
ARTHUR,
The capitulum and feeding mechanism of Ixodes hexagonus Leach. II.
1953, Pubmed
ARTHUR, The capitulum and feeding mechanism of Ixodes hexagonus Leach. II. 1953, Pubmed
Alekseev, Bacteriocidal qualities of ixodid tick (Acarina: Ixodidae) salivary cement plugs and their changes under the influence of a viral tick-borne pathogen. 1995, Pubmed
Anderson, The Contribution of DOPA to Substrate-Peptide Adhesion and Internal Cohesion of Mussel-Inspired Synthetic Peptide Films. 2010, Pubmed
Arthur, Tick feeding and its implications. 1970, Pubmed
Arthur, Host and tick relationships: a review. 1973, Pubmed
Balashov YuS, Interaction between blood-sucking arthropods and their hosts, and its influence on vector potential. 1984, Pubmed
Binnington, Role of tick salivary glands in feeding and disease transmission. 1980, Pubmed
Binnington, Sequential changes in salivary gland structure during attachment and feeding of the cattle tick, Boophilus microplus. 1978, Pubmed
Bishop, A cement protein of the tick Rhipicephalus appendiculatus, located in the secretory e cell granules of the type III salivary gland acini, induces strong antibody responses in cattle. 2002, Pubmed
Brown, Characterization of tick antigens inducing host immune resistance. I. Immunization of guinea pigs with Amblyomma americanum-derived salivary gland extracts and identification of an important salivary gland protein antigen with guinea pig anti-tick antibodies. 1984, Pubmed
Bugden, Skin Glue Reduces the Failure Rate of Emergency Department-Inserted Peripheral Intravenous Catheters: A Randomized Controlled Trial. 2016, Pubmed
Bullard, Structural characterization of tick cement cones collected from in vivo and artificial membrane blood-fed Lone Star ticks (Amblyomma americanum). 2016, Pubmed
Bullard, Temporal Gene Expression Analysis and RNA Silencing of Single and Multiple Members of Gene Family in the Lone Star Tick Amblyomma americanum. 2016, Pubmed
Chinery, The nature and origin of the "cement" substance at the site of attachment and feeding of adult Haemaphysalis spinigera (Ixodidae). 1973, Pubmed
Chinery, Studies on the salivary glands of Argas persicus (Oken, 1818). 1974, Pubmed
Chudzinski-Tavassi, A new tick Kunitz type inhibitor, Amblyomin-X, induces tumor cell death by modulating genes related to the cell cycle and targeting the ubiquitin-proteasome system. 2010, Pubmed
Coons, Fine structure of the salivary glands of unfed male Dermacentor variabilis (Say) (Ixodoidea: Ixodidae). 1973, Pubmed
El Shoura, Ultrastructure of salivary glands of Ornithodoros (Ornithodoros) moubata (Ixodoidea: Argasidae). 1985, Pubmed
FOGGIE, Studies on the relationship of tick-bite to tick pyaemia of lambs. 1959, Pubmed
Fawcett, Salivary gland of the tick vector (R. appendiculatus) of East Coast fever. I. Ultrastructure of the type III acinus. 1981, Pubmed
Fawcett, Salivary gland of the tick vector of East Coast fever. IV. Cell type selectivity and host cell responses to Theileria parva. 1982, Pubmed
Fourie, Transmission of Ehrlichia canis by Rhipicephalus sanguineus ticks feeding on dogs and on artificial membranes. 2013, Pubmed
Francischetti, The role of saliva in tick feeding. 2009, Pubmed
Furquim, Morpho-histochemical characterization of salivary gland cells of males of the tick Rhipicephalus sanguineus (Acari: Ixodidae) at different feeding stages: description of new cell types. 2010, Pubmed
Fyhn, A histological study of cement secretion during the intermolt cycle in barnacles. 1976, Pubmed
Fürst, Release of glutaraldehyde from an albumin-glutaraldehyde tissue adhesive causes significant in vitro and in vivo toxicity. 2005, Pubmed
GREGSON, Morphology and functioning of the mouthparts of Dermacentor andersoni Stiles. 1960, Pubmed
Gantayet, Novel proteins identified in the insoluble byssal matrix of the freshwater zebra mussel. 2014, Pubmed
Gill, The salivary glands of Hyalomma anatolicum anatolicum: nature of salivary gland components and their role in tick attachment and feeding. 1988, Pubmed
Havlíková, Functional role of 64P, the candidate transmission-blocking vaccine antigen from the tick, Rhipicephalus appendiculatus. 2009, Pubmed
Hennebert, An integrated transcriptomic and proteomic analysis of sea star epidermal secretions identifies proteins involved in defense and adhesion. 2015, Pubmed , Echinobase
Hennebert, Characterization of the protein fraction of the temporary adhesive secreted by the tube feet of the sea star Asterias rubens. 2012, Pubmed , Echinobase
Hennebert, Characterisation of the carbohydrate fraction of the temporary adhesive secreted by the tube feet of the sea star Asterias rubens. 2011, Pubmed , Echinobase
Hennebert, Experimental strategies for the identification and characterization of adhesive proteins in animals: a review. 2015, Pubmed , Echinobase
Hepburn, In vivo characterization and therapeutic efficacy of a C5-specific inhibitor from the soft tick Ornithodoros moubata. 2007, Pubmed
Hong, Controlling mechanical properties of bio-inspired hydrogels by modulating nano-scale, inter-polymeric junctions. 2014, Pubmed
Horka, The tick salivary protein sialostatin L inhibits the Th9-derived production of the asthma-promoting cytokine IL-9 and is effective in the prevention of experimental asthma. 2012, Pubmed
Jaworski, Tick (Acari: Ixodidae) attachment cement and salivary gland cells contain similar immunoreactive polypeptides. 1992, Pubmed
Jorgensen, Continued functioning of the feeding apparatus during moulting of Boophilus microplus as an adaptation of one-host ticks. 1986, Pubmed
Kamino, Barnacle cement proteins. Importance of disulfide bonds in their insolubility. 2000, Pubmed
Kamino, Underwater adhesive of marine organisms as the vital link between biological science and material science. 2008, Pubmed
Kamino, Cement proteins of the acorn barnacle, Megabalanus rosa. 1996, Pubmed
Kim, Ixodes scapularis Tick Saliva Proteins Sequentially Secreted Every 24 h during Blood Feeding. 2016, Pubmed
Kim, Dual silencing of long and short Amblyomma americanum acidic chitinase forms weakens the tick cement cone stability. 2014, Pubmed
Klabunde, Crystal structure of a plant catechol oxidase containing a dicopper center. 1998, Pubmed
Koh, Crystal structure of thrombin in complex with S-variegin: insights of a novel mechanism of inhibition and design of tunable thrombin inhibitors. 2011, Pubmed
Kröber, In vitro feeding assays for hard ticks. 2007, Pubmed
Kuhnert, Feeding of Hard Ticks In Vitro: New Perspectives for Rearing and for the Identification of Systemic Acaricides. 1996, Pubmed
Kuhnert, The life-cycle of the bont tick Amblyomma hebraeum in vitro. 1995, Pubmed
Lebesgue, Deciphering the molecular mechanisms underlying sea urchin reversible adhesion: A quantitative proteomics approach. 2016, Pubmed , Echinobase
Mans, The mitochondrial genomes of Nuttalliella namaqua (Ixodoidea: Nuttalliellidae) and Argas africolumbae (Ixodoidae: Argasidae): estimation of divergence dates for the major tick lineages and reconstruction of ancestral blood-feeding characters. 2012, Pubmed
Mans, Nuttalliella namaqua: a living fossil and closest relative to the ancestral tick lineage: implications for the evolution of blood-feeding in ticks. 2011, Pubmed
Maruyama, The expression of genes coding for distinct types of glycine-rich proteins varies according to the biology of three metastriate ticks, Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus, Rhipicephalus sanguineus and Amblyomma cajennense. 2010, Pubmed
Matsumura, Immunological studies on the settlement-inducing protein complex (SIPC) of the barnacle Balanus amphitrite and its possible involvement in larva-larva interactions. 1998, Pubmed
Moorhouse, The feeding processes of the cattle-tick Boophilus microplus (Canestrini): a study in host-parasite relations. I. Attachment to the host. 1966, Pubmed
Mulenga, Molecular characterization of a Haemaphysalis longicornis tick salivary gland-associated 29-kilodalton protein and its effect as a vaccine against tick infestation in rabbits. 1999, Pubmed
Nakajima, Tensile bond strength and SEM evaluation of caries-affected dentin using dentin adhesives. 1995, Pubmed
Nicklisch, Mini-review: the role of redox in Dopa-mediated marine adhesion. 2012, Pubmed
Oliveira, Deconstructing tick saliva: non-protein molecules with potent immunomodulatory properties. 2011, Pubmed
Qin, In-depth proteomic analysis of the byssus from marine mussel Mytilus coruscus. 2016, Pubmed
Radulović, A 24-48 h fed Amblyomma americanum tick saliva immuno-proteome. 2014, Pubmed
Randolph, Transmission of tick-borne pathogens between co-feeding ticks: Milan Labuda's enduring paradigm. 2011, Pubmed
Ribeiro, An insight into the sialome of blood-feeding Nematocera. 2010, Pubmed
Ribeiro, Purification and cloning of the salivary peroxidase/catechol oxidase of the mosquito Anopheles albimanus. 1999, Pubmed
Roshdy, The subgenus Persicargas (Ixodoidea: Argasidae: Argas). 23. Fine structure of the salivary glands of unfed A. (P.) Arboreus Kaiser, Hoogstraal, and Kohls. 1975, Pubmed
SAITO, Studies on ixodid ticks. V. Further studies on the reactions of the skin of laboratory animals to the bites of immature ticks. 1961, Pubmed
Saroyan, REPAIR AND REATTACHMENT IN THE BALANIDAE AS RELATED TO THEIR CEMENTING MECHANISM. 1970, Pubmed
Sauer, Tick salivary gland physiology. 1995, Pubmed
Sawamura, Evaluation of application techniques of fibrin sealant to prevent cerebrospinal fluid leakage: a new device for the application of aerosolized fibrin glue. 1999, Pubmed
Schleger, Boophilus microplus: characterization of enzymes introduced into the host. 1976, Pubmed
Schmitt, Mechanical homeostasis of a DOPA-enriched biological coating from mussels in response to metal variation. 2015, Pubmed
Schneider, Tissue adhesives in otorhinolaryngology. 2009, Pubmed
Secchi, Role of protein in cosmetics. 2008, Pubmed
Shapiro, Acquired resistance to ixodid ticks induced by tick cement antigen. 1989, Pubmed
Shapiro, Tick antigens recognized by serum from a guinea pig resistant to infestation with the tick Rhipicephalus appendiculatus. 1986, Pubmed
Sike, Improved method for cannula fixation for long-term intracerebral brain infusion. 2017, Pubmed
Silverman, Understanding marine mussel adhesion. 2007, Pubmed
Smith, The structure and function of adhesive gels from invertebrates. 2002, Pubmed
Solomon, Multicopper Oxidases and Oxygenases. 1996, Pubmed
Sousa, Exploring the anti-tumoral effects of tick saliva and derived components. 2015, Pubmed
Spotnitz, Hemostats, sealants, and adhesives: components of the surgical toolbox. 2008, Pubmed
Stevens, Multiscale structure of the underwater adhesive of Phragmatopoma californica: a nanostructured latex with a steep microporosity gradient. 2007, Pubmed
Stewart, Natural Underwater Adhesives. 2011, Pubmed
Stewart, The tube cement of Phragmatopoma californica: a solid foam. 2004, Pubmed
Sun, The role of calcium and magnesium in the concrete tubes of the sandcastle worm. 2007, Pubmed
Tajeri, Hyalomma anatolicum anatolicum and Hyalomma dromedarii (Acari: Ixodidae) imbibe bovine blood in vitro by utilizing an artificial feeding system. 2011, Pubmed
Tan, Sexual differences in the sialomes of the zebra tick, Rhipicephalus pulchellus. 2015, Pubmed
Tatchell, Host-parasite interactions and the feeding of blood-sucking arthropods. 1969, Pubmed
Taylor, Aminopeptidases: structure and function. 1993, Pubmed
Theis, Rhipicephalus sanguineus: sequential histopathology at the host-arthropod interface. 1974, Pubmed
Tirloni, Saliva from nymph and adult females of Haemaphysalis longicornis: a proteomic study. 2015, Pubmed
Trimnell, A cross-reactive tick cement antigen is a candidate broad-spectrum tick vaccine. 2005, Pubmed
Trimnell, Dual action ectoparasite vaccine targeting 'exposed' and 'concealed' antigens. 2002, Pubmed
Waite, Cement precursor proteins of the reef-building polychaete Phragmatopoma californica (Fewkes). 1992, Pubmed
Walker, Histological study of the attachment sites of adult Rhipicephalus appendiculatus on rabbits and cattle. 1986, Pubmed
Walker, Structural and histochemical changes in the salivary glands of Rhipicephalus appendiculatus during feeding. 1985, Pubmed
Wang, Multipart copolyelectrolyte adhesive of the sandcastle worm, Phragmatopoma californica (Fewkes): catechol oxidase catalyzed curing through peptidyl-DOPA. 2013, Pubmed
Wang, Successful interrupted feeding of adult Rhipicephalus appendiculatus (Ixodidae) is accompanied by reprogramming of salivary gland protein expression. 1999, Pubmed
Weiss, Two feeding-induced proteins from the male gonad trigger engorgement of the female tick Amblyomma hebraeum. 2004, Pubmed
Zhang, Mussel-inspired hyperbranched poly(amino ester) polymer as strong wet tissue adhesive. 2014, Pubmed
Zhang, A biomimetic hyperbranched poly(amino ester)-based nanocomposite as a tunable bone adhesive for sternal closure. 2014, Pubmed
Zhang, On-demand and negative-thermo-swelling tissue adhesive based on highly branched ambivalent PEG-catechol copolymers. 2015, Pubmed
Zhao, Cement proteins of the tube-building polychaete Phragmatopoma californica. 2005, Pubmed
Zhou, Identification of a glycine-rich protein from the tick Rhipicephalus haemaphysaloides and evaluation of its vaccine potential against tick feeding. 2006, Pubmed