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Mar Drugs
2017 Nov 07;1511:. doi: 10.3390/md15110347.
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Immunoenhancement Effects of Glycosaminoglycan from Apostichopus japonicus: In Vitro and In Cyclophosphamide-Induced Immunosuppressed Mice Studies.
Wang H
,
Yang S
,
Wang Y
,
Jiang T
,
Li S
,
Lv Z
.
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In this study, the immunomodulatory activities of Apostichopus japonicus glycosaminoglycan (AHG) on the nature killer (NK) cells, cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) and cyclophosphamide (CY)-treated mice were investigated. After stimulation with multiple concentrations of AHG (0-100 μg/mL), NK cells and CTLs displayed outperformance against YAC-1 and B16 cells, respectively. Furthermore, the mitogen-induced splenic lymphocyte proliferation in CY-induced immunosuppressed mice was significantly promoted by AHG. In addition, the administration of AHG dramatically increased the splenocytes Ca2+ concentration and the delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) reaction in a dose-dependent manner. Besides, AHG could strongly increase the total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), the activities of superoxidase dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) as well as glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX), and could decrease the malondialdehyde (MDA) level in the heart, kidney and liver. These findings indicated that AHG played an important role in the immune enhancement and protection against CY-induced immunosuppression and oxidative damage. Our findings provide experimental evidence for further research and possible immunostimulatory applications of AHG in clinical practice.
Figure 3. Effect of AHG on dendritic cell (DC)-mediated- cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) activity in vitro (n = 8). Compared with the NC group * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01; compared with the LNT group ##
p < 0.01.
Figure 6. Effect of AHG on intracellular free Ca2+ concentration in spleen lymphocytes of CY-induced mice (n = 8): (A) NC group; (B) MC group; (C) LNT group; (D) AHG group at 1 mg/kg; (E) AHG group at 5 mg/kg; and (F) AHG group at 10 mg/kg.
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