Click
here to close Hello! We notice that
you are using Internet Explorer, which is not supported by Echinobase
and may cause the site to display incorrectly. We suggest using a
current version of Chrome,
FireFox,
or Safari.
???displayArticle.abstract???
In this study, a homolog of the TLR11 family gene from the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus intermedius (denoted as SiTLR11) was cloned and characterized. The full-length cDNA of SiTLR11 was 2096-bp long, which included 43 bp of 5'' untranslated region (UTR), 238 bp of 3'' UTR, and a putative open reading frame of 1815 bp encoding a polypeptide of 604 amino acid residues. Representative domains such as leucine-rich repeat (LRR) (residues 108-249) and a cytoplasmic Toll-interleukin-1 receptor (TIR) (residues 429-571) domains were detected in the predicted amino acid sequence of SiTLR11. SiTLR11 transcript was widely distributed in all the tested tissues, including intestine, tube feet, gonad, coelomocytes, and peristomial membrane, with the highest expression level in the coelomocytes and peristomial membrane. After the sea urchin was injected with polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid (PolyI:C), the expression level of SiTLR11 in the coelomocytes increased significantly, reaching 1.96-fold the level of the control at 12 h, but decreased to level below that of control at 24 and 48 h. Injection of peptidoglycan (PGN) also led to increased expression of SiTLR11, which peaked at 12 h, yielding an increase of 2.19-fold compared to the control group, and continued to increase at 24 and 48 h. However, almost no differences in immunological activity were found in the groups challenged with lipopolysaccharides (LPS), Zymosan A (ZOA), or Vibrio fortis compared to the control. Taken together, the results strongly suggested that SiTLR11 was functionally involved in the immune response triggered by double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) viruses and Gram-positive bacteria.
Akira,
Pathogen recognition and innate immunity.
2006, Pubmed
Akira,
Pathogen recognition and innate immunity.
2006,
Pubmed
Azumi,
Genomic analysis of immunity in a Urochordate and the emergence of the vertebrate immune system: "waiting for Godot".
2003,
Pubmed
Beutler,
Innate immunity: an overview.
2004,
Pubmed
Blasius,
Intracellular toll-like receptors.
2010,
Pubmed
Buckley,
Dynamic evolution of toll-like receptor multigene families in echinoderms.
2012,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
Girardin,
Intracellular vs extracellular recognition of pathogens--common concepts in mammals and flies.
2002,
Pubmed
Gross,
Echinoderm immunity and the evolution of the complement system.
1999,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
Heil,
Species-specific recognition of single-stranded RNA via toll-like receptor 7 and 8.
2004,
Pubmed
Hu,
Cloning and expression analysis of a Toll-like receptor 22 (tlr22) gene from turbot, Scophthalmus maximus.
2015,
Pubmed
Huang,
Genomic analysis of the immune gene repertoire of amphioxus reveals extraordinary innate complexity and diversity.
2008,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
Iwanaga,
Recent advances in the innate immunity of invertebrate animals.
2005,
Pubmed
Kadowaki,
Subsets of human dendritic cell precursors express different toll-like receptors and respond to different microbial antigens.
2001,
Pubmed
Lemaitre,
The dorsoventral regulatory gene cassette spätzle/Toll/cactus controls the potent antifungal response in Drosophila adults.
1996,
Pubmed
Li,
Molecular cloning of orange-spotted grouper (Epinephelus coioides) TLR21 and expression analysis post Cryptocaryon irritans infection.
2012,
Pubmed
Li,
Molecular characterization of a fish-specific toll-like receptor 22 (TLR22) gene from common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.): Evolutionary relationship and induced expression upon immune stimulants.
2017,
Pubmed
Li,
miR210 modulates respiratory burst in Apostichopus japonicus coelomocytes via targeting Toll-like receptor.
2016,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
Li,
Sequence specific detection of bacterial 23S ribosomal RNA by TLR13.
2012,
Pubmed
Li,
Strongylocins, novel antimicrobial peptides from the green sea urchin, Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis.
2008,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
Lu,
Characterization of two negative regulators of the Toll-like receptor pathway in Apostichopus japonicus: inhibitor of NF-κB and Toll-interacting protein.
2013,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
Lu,
Two adaptor molecules of MyD88 and TRAF6 in Apostichopus japonicus Toll signaling cascade: molecular cloning and expression analysis.
2013,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
Medzhitov,
Recognition of microorganisms and activation of the immune response.
2007,
Pubmed
Medzhitov,
How does the immune system distinguish self from nonself?
2000,
Pubmed
O'Neill,
The family of five: TIR-domain-containing adaptors in Toll-like receptor signalling.
2007,
Pubmed
Palti,
Identification, characterization and genetic mapping of TLR7, TLR8a1 and TLR8a2 genes in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss).
2010,
Pubmed
Palti,
Toll-like receptors in bony fish: from genomics to function.
2011,
Pubmed
Rast,
Genomic insights into the immune system of the sea urchin.
2006,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
Ren,
Identification and functional characterization of three TLR signaling pathway genes in Cyclina sinensis.
2016,
Pubmed
Roach,
The evolution of vertebrate Toll-like receptors.
2005,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
Satake,
Toll-like receptors of deuterostome invertebrates.
2012,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
Shi,
Toll-like receptor 11 (TLR11) prevents Salmonella penetration into the murine Peyer patches.
2012,
Pubmed
Smith,
Sea urchin genes expressed in activated coelomocytes are identified by expressed sequence tags. Complement homologues and other putative immune response genes suggest immune system homology within the deuterostomes.
1996,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
Sun,
Identification and expression analysis of two Toll-like receptor genes from sea cucumber (Apostichopus japonicus).
2013,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
Thoma-Uszynski,
Induction of direct antimicrobial activity through mammalian toll-like receptors.
2001,
Pubmed
Wang,
Tlr22 structure and expression characteristic of barbel chub, Squaliobarbus curriculus provides insights into antiviral immunity against infection with grass carp reovirus.
2017,
Pubmed
Wang,
Discovery of toll-like receptor 13 exists in the teleost fish: Miiuy croaker (Perciformes, Sciaenidae).
2016,
Pubmed
Yang,
Identification and characterization a novel transcription factor activator protein-1 in the sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus.
2015,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
Yarovinsky,
TLR11 activation of dendritic cells by a protozoan profilin-like protein.
2005,
Pubmed
