Click
here to close Hello! We notice that
you are using Internet Explorer, which is not supported by Echinobase
and may cause the site to display incorrectly. We suggest using a
current version of Chrome,
FireFox,
or Safari.
Hydroxylation of a conserved tRNA modification establishes non-universal genetic code in echinoderm mitochondria.
Nagao A
,
Ohara M
,
Miyauchi K
,
Yokobori SI
,
Yamagishi A
,
Watanabe K
,
Suzuki T
.
???displayArticle.abstract???
The genetic code is not frozen but still evolving, which can result in the acquisition of ''dialectal'' codons that deviate from the universal genetic code. RNA modifications in the anticodon region of tRNAs play a critical role in establishing such non-universal genetic codes. In echinoderm mitochondria, the AAA codon specifies asparagine instead of lysine. By analyzing mitochondrial (mt-) tRNALys isolated from the sea urchin (Mesocentrotus nudus), we discovered a novel modified nucleoside, hydroxy-N6-threonylcarbamoyladenosine (ht6A), 3'' adjacent to the anticodon (position 37). Biochemical analysis revealed that ht6A37 has the ability to prevent mt-tRNALys from misreading AAA as lysine, thereby indicating that hydroxylation of N6-threonylcarbamoyladenosine (t6A) contributes to the establishment of the non-universal genetic code in echinoderm mitochondria.
Barrell,
A different genetic code in human mitochondria.
1979, Pubmed
Barrell,
A different genetic code in human mitochondria.
1979,
Pubmed
Björk,
Transfer RNA Modification: Presence, Synthesis, and Function.
2014,
Pubmed
Canaday,
Yeast mitochondrial methionine initiator tRNA: characterization and nucleotide sequence.
1980,
Pubmed
Crick,
The origin of the genetic code.
1968,
Pubmed
Dubin,
Sequence and structure of a methionine transfer RNA from mosquito mitochondria.
1984,
Pubmed
Hirsh,
Tryptophan tRNA of Escherichia coli.
1970,
Pubmed
Jung,
Complete mitochondrial genome of sea urchin: Mesocentrotus nudus (Strongylocentrotidae, Echinoida).
2013,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
Kang,
Identification of 2-methylthio cyclic N6-threonylcarbamoyladenosine (ms2ct6A) as a novel RNA modification at position 37 of tRNAs.
2017,
Pubmed
Kawarada,
ALKBH1 is an RNA dioxygenase responsible for cytoplasmic and mitochondrial tRNA modifications.
2017,
Pubmed
Kim,
Three serendipitous pathways in E. coli can bypass a block in pyridoxal-5'-phosphate synthesis.
2010,
Pubmed
Kimura-Harada,
N-((9- -D-ribofuranosylpurin-6-yl)-N-methylcarbamoyl) threonine, a modified nucleoside isolated from Escherichia coli threonine transfer ribonucleic acid.
1972,
Pubmed
Kiryu,
A detailed investigation of accessibilities around target sites of siRNAs and miRNAs.
2011,
Pubmed
Kollmar,
Nuclear codon reassignments in the genomics era and mechanisms behind their evolution.
2017,
Pubmed
Liu,
Gene cloning, biochemical characterization and physiological role of a thermostable low-specificity L-threonine aldolase from Escherichia coli.
1998,
Pubmed
Matuszewski,
A hydantoin isoform of cyclic N6-threonylcarbamoyladenosine (ct6A) is present in tRNAs.
2017,
Pubmed
Mengel-Jørgensen,
Detection of pseudouridine and other modifications in tRNA by cyanoethylation and MALDI mass spectrometry.
2002,
Pubmed
Miyauchi,
Automated parallel isolation of multiple species of non-coding RNAs by the reciprocal circulating chromatography method.
2007,
Pubmed
Miyauchi,
A cyclic form of N6-threonylcarbamoyladenosine as a widely distributed tRNA hypermodification.
2013,
Pubmed
Morris,
The effect of queuosine on tRNA structure and function.
1999,
Pubmed
Nakano,
NSUN3 methylase initiates 5-formylcytidine biogenesis in human mitochondrial tRNA(Met).
2016,
Pubmed
Ogle,
Selection of tRNA by the ribosome requires a transition from an open to a closed form.
2002,
Pubmed
Ohira,
Precursors of tRNAs are stabilized by methylguanosine cap structures.
2016,
Pubmed
Ohira,
Decoding mechanism of non-universal genetic codes in Loligo bleekeri mitochondria.
2013,
Pubmed
Sakaguchi,
Nucleoside Analysis by Hydrophilic Interaction Liquid Chromatography Coupled with Mass Spectrometry.
2015,
Pubmed
Sampson,
Biochemical and physical characterization of an unmodified yeast phenylalanine transfer RNA transcribed in vitro.
1988,
Pubmed
Schmeing,
How mutations in tRNA distant from the anticodon affect the fidelity of decoding.
2011,
Pubmed
Sengupta,
A unified model of codon reassignment in alternative genetic codes.
2005,
Pubmed
Stern,
The role of the minor base N4-acetylcytidine in the function of the Escherichia coli noninitiator methionine transfer RNA.
1978,
Pubmed
Suzuki,
Mass spectrometric identification and characterization of RNA-modifying enzymes.
2007,
Pubmed
Suzuki,
Human mitochondrial tRNAs: biogenesis, function, structural aspects, and diseases.
2011,
Pubmed
Takemoto,
Unconventional decoding of the AUA codon as methionine by mitochondrial tRNAMet with the anticodon f5CAU as revealed with a mitochondrial in vitro translation system.
2009,
Pubmed
Taniguchi,
Decoding system for the AUA codon by tRNAIle with the UAU anticodon in Mycoplasma mobile.
2013,
Pubmed
Thiaville,
Members of a Novel Kinase Family (DUF1537) Can Recycle Toxic Intermediates into an Essential Metabolite.
2016,
Pubmed
Tomita,
The presence of pseudouridine in the anticodon alters the genetic code: a possible mechanism for assignment of the AAA lysine codon as asparagine in echinoderm mitochondria.
1999,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
Tomita,
Codon reading patterns in Drosophila melanogaster mitochondria based on their tRNA sequences: a unique wobble rule in animal mitochondria.
1999,
Pubmed
Watanabe,
tRNA Modification and Genetic Code Variations in Animal Mitochondria.
2011,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
Watanabe,
Primary and higher order structures of nematode (Ascaris suum) mitochondrial tRNAs lacking either the T or D stem.
1994,
Pubmed
Yokobori,
Genetic code variations in mitochondria: tRNA as a major determinant of genetic code plasticity.
2001,
Pubmed
