Blanco M et al. (2017), Egg production patterns of two invertebrate spe...

ECB-ART-45466

PLoS One 2017 May 08;125:e0176758. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0176758.

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Egg production patterns of two invertebrate species in rocky subtidal areas under different fishing regimes along the coast of central Chile.

Blanco M , Ospina-Álvarez A , González C , Fernández M .

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Fishing is a major source of human impact, reducing density and size of a wide range of exploited species in comparison to areas exhibiting strong regulations (no-take and partially protected areas, including Territorial Use Rights for Fisheries, TURFs). Since size and density might have important consequences on reproduction, and therefore natural re-seeding, we monitored adult size, density and potential fecundity of the keyhole limpet (Fissurella latimarginata) and the red sea urchin (Loxechinus albus) in areas under two fishing regimes (TURFs and Open Access Areas, OAAs). Analyzing the distribution of suitable habitats, we predict spatial patterns of potential egg production, to identify reproductive hotspots along the central coast of Chile. The current system of TURFs in central Chile showed higher potential egg production of F. latimarginata and of L. albus than expected under a complete OAAs scenario (67 and 52% respectively). Potential egg production showed more than a twofold reduction when the complete TURFs scenario was compared against complete OAAs condition in both species. Individual size and density explained between 60% and 100% of the variability in potential egg production, suggesting the importance of the enhancement of both biological variables in TURFs in Chile. Potential egg production for both species in the northern part of the studied domain was higher due to the combined effect of (a) suitable habitat and (b) concentration of TURFs. Our results suggest that partially protected areas, such as TURFs can significantly enhance the production of propagules that could seed exploited areas.

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Genes referenced: fhl2 impact LOC100887844

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	Fig 1. Map of the study area.Maps of Chilean coast showing (A) the study region and (B) the sampling sites where direct collection of organisms was conducted. Fishing regimes are indicated in black circles (Open Access Areas; OAAs) and gray circles (Territorial Use Rights for Fisheries; TURFs).
	Fig 2. Biological variables between fishing regimes.Box plots showing density, size, potential fecundity and potential egg production in areas under different fishing regimes: Territorial Use Rights for Fisheries (TURF) and Open Access Areas (OAAs; not limiting the entry of fishers). The number in the right corner in each plot indicates the ratio between fishing regimes (TURF/OAA) for each variable. Black diamonds’ indicate mean: (A) Fissurella latimarginata density; (B) Loxechinus albus density; (C) F. latimarginata size; (D) L. albus size; (E) F. latimarginata potential fecundity; (F) L. albus potential fecundity; (G) F. latimarginata potential egg production; and (H) L. albus potential egg production.
	Fig 3. Spatial distribution of habitat, restricted access areas and potential egg production.Spatial maps showing (A) percentage of coastline with rocky habitat and restricted access (Territorial Use Rights for Fisheries, TURFs) and (B, D) predicted potential egg production (oocytes/m2) along a latitudinal gradient with a 2-km grid resolution. Plots C and E show the contribution (percentage) of oocytes/m2 (potential egg production) of each grid to the regional (study area) production.
	Fig 4. Influence of fishing on potential egg production.Comparison of potential egg production between the open access areas (OAAs) scenario against (a) current scenario (existing Territorial Use Rights for Fisheries, TURFs; black line and symbols) and (b) full protection (all TURFs; red line and symbols) for (A) Fissurella latimarginata and (B) Loxechinus albus. The numbers in the lower right corner in each plot show the ratio in potential egg production from the two scenarios.

References [+] :

Aburto-Oropeza, Large recovery of fish biomass in a no-take marine reserve. 2011, Pubmed