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R Soc Open Sci
2017 Jan 11;41:160606. doi: 10.1098/rsos.160606.
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Marine soundscape shaped by fishing activity.
Coquereau L
,
Lossent J
,
Grall J
,
Chauvaud L
.
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Marine communities face anthropogenic pressures that degrade ecosystems. Because underwater soundscapes carry information about habitat quality, we explored whether destructive impacts of fishing could be evaluated via the soundscape. Maerl beds are recognized as biodiversity hotspots and they experience major worldwide degradation owing to fishing. We collected field acoustic recordings in maerl beds exposed to different fishing practices. We found that unfished maerl beds were threefold louder and exhibited sound frequencies more diversified than those recorded in fished maerl beds. Analyses of associated fauna samples indicated that snapping shrimps provided a major contribution to the maerl bed soundscape. Moreover, sea urchins and squat lobsters most likely contributed to differences between the soundscapes of unfished and fished maerl beds. Our results supported the idea that the soundscape can provide valuable information on maerl bed ecosystem health related to fishing activity.
Figure 1. Invertebrate species richness in two maerl beds exposed to different fishing practices: no fishing (green dots); fishing (red dots), beginning in 2004 (arrow). Each point represents the mean number of species identified in three replicate sediment samples (each 0.1 m−2) collected in autumn with a Smith–McIntyre grab. The lines show the average of all points over the indicated time. Insets show images of the maerl bed surface, acquired from unfished (left) and fished (right) regions.
Figure 2. Peak frequencies (fp) at different sound pressure levels (SPL) in two maerl beds exposed to different fishing practices. Data represent the 95th percentile of benthic pulses (n > 3 × 105 per graph), recorded during spring (a) and autumn (b). Colour scales indicate benthic pulse number at a given fp and SPL. Differences were calculated as: unfished benthic pulse number − fished benthic pulse number. Colour bars correspond to benthic pulse number.
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