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Evid Based Complement Alternat Med
2017 Jan 01;2017:4365715. doi: 10.1155/2017/4365715.
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Phylogenetic Tree Analysis of the Cold-Hot Nature of Traditional Chinese Marine Medicine for Possible Anticancer Activity.
Fu X
,
Song X
,
Li X
,
Wong KK
,
Li J
,
Zhang F
,
Wang C
,
Wang Z
.
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Traditional Chinese Marine Medicine (TCMM) represents one of the medicinal resources for research and development of novel anticancer drugs. In this study, to investigate the presence of anticancer activity (AA) displayed by cold or hot nature of TCMM, we analyzed the association relationship and the distribution regularity of TCMMs with different nature (613 TCMMs originated from 1,091 species of marine organisms) via association rules mining and phylogenetic tree analysis. The screened association rules were collected from three taxonomy groups: (1) Bacteria superkingdom, Phaeophyceae class, Fucales order, Sargassaceae family, and Sargassum genus; (2) Viridiplantae kingdom, Streptophyta phylum, Malpighiales class, and Rhizophoraceae family; (3) Holothuroidea class, Aspidochirotida order, and Holothuria genus. Our analyses showed that TCMMs with closer taxonomic relationship were more likely to possess anticancer bioactivity. We found that the cluster pattern of marine organisms with reported AA tended to cluster with cold nature TCMMs. Moreover, TCMMs with salty-cold nature demonstrated properties for softening hard mass and removing stasis to treat cancers, and species within Metazoa or Viridiplantae kingdom of cold nature were more likely to contain AA properties. We propose that TCMMs from these marine groups may enable focused bioprospecting for discovery of novel anticancer drugs derived from marine bioresources.
Figure 1. The distribution of marine anticancer activity families (green background color) phylogenetic tree of Metazoa kingdom. The family names are provided at branch ends, which can be viewed more clearly by enlarging the figure in the electronic version. The length of the blue and green bar outside the circle represents the number of all species and the AA species, respectively, in the family.
Figure 2. The distribution of marine families with AA in phylogenetic tree of Viridiplantae kingdom, Eukaryota superkingdom, and Bacteria superkingdom. Coloring and labeling schemes are as described in Figure 1.
Figure 3. The distribution of marine AA species (green background) in the phylogenetic tree of marine organisms. The cold-hot nature of each species was labeled outside of the circle by different colors. The length of the bar represents the degree of nature of TCMMs. The screened association rules were labeled at the corresponding branch (the branches marked with different color). The names of species of the marine organisms of TCMMs are provided at branch ends, which can be viewed more clearly by enlarging the figure in the electronic version.
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