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Int J Mol Sci
2016 Oct 21;1710:. doi: 10.3390/ijms17101762.
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Screening the Toxicity of Selected Personal Care Products Using Embryo Bioassays: 4-MBC, Propylparaben and Triclocarban.
Torres T
,
Cunha I
,
Martins R
,
Santos MM
.
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Recently, several emerging pollutants, including Personal Care Products (PCPs), have been detected in aquatic ecosystems, in the ng/L or µg/L range. Available toxicological data is limited, and, for certain PCPs, evidence indicates a potential risk for the environment. Hence, there is an urgent need to gather ecotoxicological data on PCPs as a proxy to improve risk assessment. Here, the toxicity of three different PCPs (4-Methylbenzylidene Camphor (4-MBC), propylparaben and triclocarban) was tested using embryo bioassays with Danio rerio (zebrafish) and Paracentrotus lividus (sea urchin). The No Observed Effect Concentration (NOEC) for triclocarban was 0.256 µg/L for sea urchin and 100 µg/L for zebrafish, whereas NOEC for 4-MBC was 0.32 µg/L for sea urchin and 50 µg/L for zebrafish. Both PCPs impacted embryo development at environmentally relevant concentrations. In comparison with triclocarban and 4-MBC, propylparaben was less toxic for both sea urchin (NOEC = 160 µg/L) and zebrafish (NOEC = 1000 µg/L). Overall, this study further demonstrates the sensitivity of embryo bioassays as a high-throughput approach for testing the toxicity of emerging pollutants.
Figure 2. Embryonic stages and developmental abnormalities of the sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus observed in this study after 48 h of incubation under controlled conditions of temperature and light: (A) normal larva at pluteus stage; (B) gastrula stage; (C) prism larvae; (D) separated tip; (E,F) crossed tip; (F,G) fused arms; (G) general abnormal larvae; (H,I) abnormal arms orientation; (J) deformed arms; (K) arms absence; and (K,L) asymmetric arms.
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