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J Inflamm Res
2016 May 19;9:79-89. doi: 10.2147/JIR.S102221.
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Protective effect of soybean oil- or fish oil-rich diets on allergic airway inflammation.
Navarro-Xavier RA
,
de Barros KV
,
de Andrade IS
,
Palomino Z
,
Casarini DE
,
Flor Silveira VL
.
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BACKGROUND: The increased prevalence of asthma and allergic diseases in westernized societies has been associated with increased intake of diets rich in n-6 fatty acids (FAs) and poor in n-3 FAs. This study aimed to analyze the prophylactic effects of treatment with a soybean oil-rich diet (rich in n-6) or fish oil (rich in n-3) in an allergic airway inflammation model on lung inflammation score, leukocyte migration, T-helper cell (Th)-2 (interleukin [IL]-4, IL-5) and Th1 (interferon [IFN]-γ, tumor necrosis factor-α) cytokines, lipoxin A4, nitric oxide, bradykinin, and corticosterone levels in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) or lungs.
METHODS: Male Wistar rats fed with soybean oil- or fish oil-rich diet or standard rat chow were sensitized twice with ovalbumin-alumen and challenged twice with ovalbumin aerosol. The BAL and lungs were examined 24 hours later.
RESULTS: Both diets, rich in n-6 or n-3 FAs, impaired the allergic lung inflammation and reduced leukocyte migration, eosinophil and neutrophil percentages, and IL-4/IL-5/bradykinin levels in BAL and/or lungs, as well as increased the nitric oxide levels in BAL. The soybean oil-rich diet additionally increased the levels of lipoxin A4 and corticosterone in the lungs.
CONCLUSION: Data presented demonstrated that the n-6 FA-rich diet had protective effect upon allergic airway inflammation and was as anti-inflammatory as the n-3 FA-rich diet, although through different mechanisms, suggesting that both diets could be considered as complementary therapy or a prophylactic alternative for allergic airway inflammation.
Figure 3. Quantification of IL-5 (A), IL-4 (B), IFn-γ, and TnF-α (C) in lung and/or BAL from control, soybean, and fish groups.Note: Values are expressed as mean ± SEM; n=10–12 per group.*P< 0.05, **P< 0.01, ***P<0.001.Abbreviation: IL, interleukin; IFn, interferon; TNF, tumor necrosis factor; SEM, standard error of the mean; BAL, bronchoalveolar lavage; nd, not detectable.
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