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Molecules
2016 Jan 21;211:E119. doi: 10.3390/molecules21010119.
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Antiproliferative and Antioxidant Activities and Mycosporine-Like Amino Acid Profiles of Wild-Harvested and Cultivated Edible Canadian Marine Red Macroalgae.
Athukorala Y
,
Trang S
,
Kwok C
,
Yuan YV
.
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Antiproliferative and antioxidant activities and mycosporine-like amino acid (MAA) profiles of methanol extracts from edible wild-harvested (Chondrus crispus, Mastocarpus stellatus, Palmaria palmata) and cultivated (C. crispus) marine red macroalgae were studied herein. Palythine, asterina-330, shinorine, palythinol, porphyra-334 and usujirene MAAs were identified in the macroalgal extracts by LC/MS/MS. Extract reducing activity rankings were (p < 0.001): wild P. palmata > cultivated C. crispus = wild M. stellatus > wild low-UV C. crispus > wild high-UV C. crispus; whereas oxygen radical absorbance capacities were (p < 0.001): wild M. stellatus > wild P. palmata > cultivated C. crispus > wild low-UV C. crispus > wild high-UV C. crispus. Extracts were antiproliferative against HeLa and U-937 cells (p < 0.001) from 0.125-4 mg/mL, 24 h. Wild P. palmata and cultivated C. crispus extracts increased (p < 0.001) HeLa caspase-3/7 activities and the proportion of cells arrested at Sub G₁ (apoptotic) compared to wild-harvested C. crispus and M. stellatus extracts. HeLa cells incubated with wild P. palmata and cultivated C. crispus extracts also exhibited morphological changes characteristic of apoptosis (shrinkage, rounding). Thus, extracts rich in low-polarity usujirene and polar palythine and asterina-330 MAAs were antiproliferative as inducers of apoptosis in HeLa cells.
Figure 1. The main mycosporine-like amino acids (MAAs) identified in Rhodophyta.
Figure 3. Morphological changes observed in HeLa cells treated with cultivated C. crispus (Panel A) and wild-harvested P. palmata extracts (Panel B) using an inverted microscope (200×).
Figure 4. Cell cycle DNA histograms of HeLa cells treated with PBS (Panel A); 4 mg/mL cultivated C. crispus extract (Panel B); and 4 mg/mL wild-harvested P. palmata extract (Panel C) at 24 h. Values represent (from left to right) the percentages of cells in Go, G1, S and G2M phases. * PI intensity, Propidium iodide in arbitrary units of fluorescence intensity.
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