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Sci Rep
2015 Aug 28;5:13479. doi: 10.1038/srep13479.
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Collapse of the echinoid Paracentrotus lividus populations in the Eastern Mediterranean--result of climate change?
Yeruham E
,
Rilov G
,
Shpigel M
,
Abelson A
.
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The European purple sea urchin (Paracentrotus lividus) is considered to be a key herbivore throughout its distribution range--North-East Atlantic and Mediterranean Sea. It was also abundant in its eastern distributional edge, on rocky habitats of the coastline of Israel, but its populations have recently collapsed, and today it is an extremely rare species in the region. Field and laboratory experiments, that were carried out in order to examine the impact of the recent sea surface temperature rise in the Eastern Mediterranean, showed massive urchin mortality when temperatures crossed 30.5 °C before reaching peak summer values. These results suggest that elevated seawater temperatures in recent years may be a main cause for the disappearance of P. lividus from the southeast Mediterranean Sea, which may indicate distributional range contraction in this region.
Figure 1. Seawater temperature and urchin survivorship in the field.Temperature (°C) and sea urchin average ± SE percent survival rate (N = 10, 5 urchins per repeat) during 2011 (upper chart) and 2012 (bottom chart). *The Survivorship increase in 2011 is due to restocking.
Figure 2. Effects of seawater temperature on urchin survivorship in the lab.Ambient water temperature (thick brown line) and sea urchin average ± SE percent survival rate (among five aquaria of 18 individuals per treatment) during the experiment (summer 2012), in the three treatments: AMBIENT – 2 °C (blue line), AMBIENT (green line) and AMBIENT + 2 °C (red line).
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