Yau T , Dan X , Ng CC , Ng TB .

Figure 1. Mechanisms of apoptosis and autophagy induced in tumor cells by lectins.

Amin, A novel role for p73 in the regulation of Akt-Foxo1a-Bim signaling and apoptosis induced by the plant lectin, Concanavalin A. 2007, Pubmed

Amin, A novel role for p73 in the regulation of Akt-Foxo1a-Bim signaling and apoptosis induced by the plant lectin, Concanavalin A. 2007, Pubmed
Bantel, Mistletoe lectin activates caspase-8/FLICE independently of death receptor signaling and enhances anticancer drug-induced apoptosis. 1999, Pubmed
Bar-Sela, Mistletoe as complementary treatment in patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer treated with carboplatin-based combinations: a randomised phase II study. 2013, Pubmed
Bernerd, Galectin-7 overexpression is associated with the apoptotic process in UVB-induced sunburn keratinocytes. 1999, Pubmed
Beuth, Impact of complementary treatment of breast cancer patients with standardized mistletoe extract during aftercare: a controlled multicenter comparative epidemiological cohort study. 2008, Pubmed
Büssing, Quality of life and related dimensions in cancer patients treated with mistletoe extract (iscador): a meta-analysis. 2012, Pubmed
Chang, Concanavalin A induces autophagy in hepatoma cells and has a therapeutic effect in a murine in situ hepatoma model. 2007, Pubmed
Chang, Autophagy induction in T cell-independent acute hepatitis induced by concanavalin A in SCID/NOD mice. 2008, Pubmed
Chen, Role and regulation of autophagy in cancer. 2009, Pubmed
Cotter, Apoptosis and cancer: the genesis of a research field. 2009, Pubmed
Earl, N- and O-glycans modulate galectin-1 binding, CD45 signaling, and T cell death. 2010, Pubmed
Eisenbraun, Quality of life in breast cancer patients during chemotherapy and concurrent therapy with a mistletoe extract. 2011, Pubmed
Ernst, Mistletoe for cancer? A systematic review of randomised clinical trials. 2003, Pubmed
Fischer, Galectin-1 interacts with the {alpha}5{beta}1 fibronectin receptor to restrict carcinoma cell growth via induction of p21 and p27. 2005, Pubmed
Fleet, Inhibition of EGF-dependent calcium influx by annexin VI is splice form-specific. 1999, Pubmed
Francia, Identification by differential display of annexin-VI, a gene differentially expressed during melanoma progression. 1996, Pubmed
Friedel, Systematic evaluation of the clinical effects of supportive mistletoe treatment within chemo- and/or radiotherapy protocols and long-term mistletoe application in nonmetastatic colorectal carcinoma: multicenter, controlled, observational cohort study. 2009, Pubmed
Fu, Identification of microRNA-regulated autophagic pathways in plant lectin-induced cancer cell death. 2012, Pubmed
Fu, Resveratrol inhibits breast cancer stem-like cells and induces autophagy via suppressing Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. 2014, Pubmed
Fujita, Evolution of the lectin-complement pathway and its role in innate immunity. 2002, Pubmed
Gaafar, Mistletoe preparation (Viscum Fraxini-2) as palliative treatment for malignant pleural effusion: a feasibility study with comparison to bleomycin. 2014, Pubmed
Ghislat, Annexin A5 stimulates autophagy and inhibits endocytosis. 2012, Pubmed
Goldberg, An insertion sequence blocks the expression of a soybean lectin gene. 1983, Pubmed
Hadari, Galectin-8 binding to integrins inhibits cell adhesion and induces apoptosis. 2000, Pubmed
Henry, Measuring apoptosis by microscopy and flow cytometry. 2013, Pubmed
Hippert, Autophagy in cancer: good, bad, or both? 2006, Pubmed
Hong, Synergistic anticancer effects of lectin and doxorubicin in breast cancer cells. 2014, Pubmed
Horneber, Mistletoe therapy in oncology. 2008, Pubmed
Jiang, Plant lectins, from ancient sugar-binding proteins to emerging anti-cancer drugs in apoptosis and autophagy. 2015, Pubmed
Kashio, Galectin-9 induces apoptosis through the calcium-calpain-caspase-1 pathway. 2003, Pubmed
Kienle, Safety of higher dosages of Viscum album L. in animals and humans--systematic review of immune changes and safety parameters. 2011, Pubmed
Kilpatrick, Animal lectins: a historical introduction and overview. 2002, Pubmed
Kim, Quality of life, immunomodulation and safety of adjuvant mistletoe treatment in patients with gastric carcinoma - a randomized, controlled pilot study. 2012, Pubmed
Kim, Lectin-induced apoptosis of tumour cells. 1993, Pubmed
Kirsch, Case reports of sarcoma patients with optimized lectin-oriented mistletoe extract therapy. 2011, Pubmed
Kuo, Galectin-1 mediates radiation-related lymphopenia and attenuates NSCLC radiation response. 2014, Pubmed
Lei, Induction of autophagy by concanavalin A and its application in anti-tumor therapy. 2007, Pubmed
Lei, Lectin of Concanavalin A as an anti-hepatoma therapeutic agent. 2009, Pubmed
Levine, Development by self-digestion: molecular mechanisms and biological functions of autophagy. 2004, Pubmed
Levine, Cell biology: autophagy and cancer. 2007, Pubmed
Li, Down-regulation of some miRNAs by degrading their precursors contributes to anti-cancer effect of mistletoe lectin-I. 2011, Pubmed
Li, Molecular switch role of Akt in Polygonatum odoratum lectin-induced apoptosis and autophagy in human non-small cell lung cancer A549 cells. 2014, Pubmed
Li, Concanavalin A, from an old protein to novel candidate anti-neoplastic drug. 2010, Pubmed
Liu, Polygonatum cyrtonema lectin induces apoptosis and autophagy in human melanoma A375 cells through a mitochondria-mediated ROS-p38-p53 pathway. 2009, Pubmed
Liu, Antiproliferative activity and apoptosis-inducing mechanism of Concanavalin A on human melanoma A375 cells. 2009, Pubmed
Liu, Induction of apoptosis by Concanavalin A and its molecular mechanisms in cancer cells. 2009, Pubmed
Liu, Protective role of autophagy and autophagy-related protein 5 in early tumorigenesis. 2015, Pubmed
Liu, Galectins as modulators of tumour progression. 2005, Pubmed
Liu, Induction of apoptosis by Polygonatum odoratum lectin and its molecular mechanisms in murine fibrosarcoma L929 cells. 2009, Pubmed
Liu, Animal lectins: potential antitumor therapeutic targets in apoptosis. 2012, Pubmed
Lu, Conformational study reveals amino acid residues essential for hemagglutinating and anti-proliferative activities of Clematis montana lectin. 2014, Pubmed
Lu, Genetic variants in C-type lectin genes are associated with colorectal cancer susceptibility and clinical outcome. 2013, Pubmed
Lyu, Korean mistletoe lectin-induced apoptosis in hepatocarcinoma cells is associated with inhibition of telomerase via mitochondrial controlled pathway independent of p53. 2002, Pubmed
Lyu, Effects of Korean mistletoe lectin (Viscum album coloratum) on proliferation and cytokine expression in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells and T-lymphocytes. 2007, Pubmed
Mansky, NCCAM/NCI Phase 1 Study of Mistletoe Extract and Gemcitabine in Patients with Advanced Solid Tumors. 2013, Pubmed
Marvibaigi, Preclinical and clinical effects of mistletoe against breast cancer. 2014, Pubmed
Matarrese, Galectin-1 sensitizes resting human T lymphocytes to Fas (CD95)-mediated cell death via mitochondrial hyperpolarization, budding, and fission. 2005, Pubmed
Miao, Knockdown of galectin-1 suppresses the growth and invasion of osteosarcoma cells through inhibition of the MAPK/ERK pathway. 2014, Pubmed
Miyagi, Concanavalin a injection activates intrahepatic innate immune cells to provoke an antitumor effect in murine liver. 2004, Pubmed
Mizushima, Autophagy: process and function. 2007, Pubmed
Nakahara, On the role of galectin-3 in cancer apoptosis. 2005, Pubmed
Nakahara, Biological modulation by lectins and their ligands in tumor progression and metastasis. 2008, Pubmed
Newlaczyl, Galectin-3--a jack-of-all-trades in cancer. 2011, Pubmed
Nonaka, Glycosylation-dependent interactions of C-type lectin DC-SIGN with colorectal tumor-associated Lewis glycans impair the function and differentiation of monocyte-derived dendritic cells. 2008, Pubmed
Ouyang, Polygonatum odoratum lectin induces apoptosis and autophagy via targeting EGFR-mediated Ras-Raf-MEK-ERK pathway in human MCF-7 breast cancer cells. 2014, Pubmed
Pace, Restricted receptor segregation into membrane microdomains occurs on human T cells during apoptosis induced by galectin-1. 1999, Pubmed
Panda, Antitumor effect of soybean lectin mediated through reactive oxygen species-dependent pathway. 2014, Pubmed
Parisi, A serum fucose-binding lectin (DlFBL) from adult Dicentrarchus labrax is expressed in larva and juvenile tissues and contained in eggs. 2010, Pubmed
Peng, Clematis montana lectin, a novel mannose-binding lectin from traditional Chinese medicine with antiviral and apoptosis-inducing activities. 2009, Pubmed
Podlech, Fermented mistletoe extract as a multimodal antitumoral agent in gliomas. 2012, Pubmed
Pratt, Concanavalin-A-induced autophagy biomarkers requires membrane type-1 matrix metalloproteinase intracellular signaling in glioblastoma cells. 2012, Pubmed
Roy, Role of PI3K/Akt/mTOR and MEK/ERK pathway in Concanavalin A induced autophagy in HeLa cells. 2014, Pubmed
Sancho, Sensing of cell death by myeloid C-type lectin receptors. 2013, Pubmed
Santarpia, Targeting the MAPK-RAS-RAF signaling pathway in cancer therapy. 2012, Pubmed
Savanur, Sclerotium rolfsii lectin induces stronger inhibition of proliferation in human breast cancer cells than normal human mammary epithelial cells by induction of cell apoptosis. 2014, Pubmed
Schumacher, Recombinant mistletoe lectin (rML) is successful in treating human ovarian cancer cells transplanted into severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) mice. 2000, Pubmed
Seifert, Molecular mechanisms of mistletoe plant extract-induced apoptosis in acute lymphoblastic leukemia in vivo and in vitro. 2008, Pubmed
Shalom-Feuerstein, Galectin-3 regulates a molecular switch from N-Ras to K-Ras usage in human breast carcinoma cells. 2005, Pubmed
Shi, In silico analysis of molecular mechanisms of legume lectin-induced apoptosis in cancer cells. 2013, Pubmed
Srivastava, ANX7, a candidate tumor suppressor gene for prostate cancer. 2001, Pubmed
Srivastava, Natural killer cell immunotherapy for cancer: a new hope. 2008, Pubmed
Tanida, LC3 and Autophagy. 2008, Pubmed
Tröger, Viscum album [L.] extract therapy in patients with locally advanced or metastatic pancreatic cancer: a randomised clinical trial on overall survival. 2013, Pubmed
Vago, Annexin A1 modulates natural and glucocorticoid-induced resolution of inflammation by enhancing neutrophil apoptosis. 2012, Pubmed
Wang, A novel C-type lectin from abalone, Haliotis discus discus, agglutinates Vibrio alginolyticus. 2008, Pubmed
Wang, Calpain activation through galectin-3 inhibition sensitizes prostate cancer cells to cisplatin treatment. 2010, Pubmed
Wells, Phosphoinositide 3-kinase targeting by the beta galactoside binding protein cytokine negates akt gene expression and leads aggressive breast cancer cells to apoptotic death. 2009, Pubmed
Wu, Anti-tumor and anti-viral activities of Galanthus nivalis agglutinin (GNA)-related lectins. 2013, Pubmed
Wu, Exogenous expression of marine lectins DlFBL and SpRBL induces cancer cell apoptosis possibly through PRMT5-E2F-1 pathway. 2014, Pubmed , Echinobase
Yang, Adenovirus carrying gene encoding Haliotis discus discus sialic acid binding lectin induces cancer cell apoptosis. 2014, Pubmed
Zhang, Role of BNIP3 and NIX in cell death, autophagy, and mitophagy. 2009, Pubmed
Zhang, Annexin 1 induced by anti-inflammatory drugs binds to NF-kappaB and inhibits its activation: anticancer effects in vitro and in vivo. 2010, Pubmed
Ziegler, Individual Patient Data Meta-analysis of Survival and Psychosomatic Self-regulation from Published Prospective Controlled Cohort Studies for Long-term Therapy of Breast Cancer Patients with a Mistletoe Preparation (Iscador). 2010, Pubmed
Zwierzina, The preclinical and clinical activity of aviscumine: a potential anticancer drug. 2011, Pubmed