Click
here to close Hello! We notice that
you are using Internet Explorer, which is not supported by Echinobase
and may cause the site to display incorrectly. We suggest using a
current version of Chrome,
FireFox,
or Safari.
Int J Mol Sci
2014 Oct 27;1511:19472-86. doi: 10.3390/ijms151119472.
Show Gene links
Show Anatomy links
Expression analysis of immune related genes identified from the coelomocytes of sea cucumber (Apostichopus japonicus) in response to LPS challenge.
Dong Y
,
Sun H
,
Zhou Z
,
Yang A
,
Chen Z
,
Guan X
,
Gao S
,
Wang B
,
Jiang B
,
Jiang J
.
???displayArticle.abstract???
The sea cucumber (Apostichopus japonicus) occupies a basal position during the evolution of deuterostomes and is also an important aquaculture species. In order to identify more immune effectors, transcriptome sequencing of A. japonicus coelomocytes in response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge was performed using the Illumina HiSeq™ 2000 platform. One hundred and seven differentially expressed genes were selected and divided into four functional categories including pathogen recognition (25 genes), reorganization of cytoskeleton (27 genes), inflammation (41 genes) and apoptosis (14 genes). They were analyzed to elucidate the mechanisms of host-pathogen interactions and downstream signaling transduction. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reactions (qRT-PCRs) of 10 representative genes validated the accuracy and reliability of RNA sequencing results with the correlation coefficients from 0.88 to 0.98 and p-value <0.05. Expression analysis of immune-related genes after LPS challenge will be useful in understanding the immune response mechanisms of A. japonicus against pathogen invasion and developing strategies for resistant markers selection.
Figure 1. Hypothetical diagram of LPS-triggered inflammation and apoptosis pathways summarized in A. japonicus coelomocytes. Genes listed here play important roles in these potential pathways. On the left, three pathways will promote the expression of inflammation factors. The existence of the Type I type I interferon (IFN) pathway was unclear for the absence of IFN homologues in invertebrates. On the right, the apoptosis pathway will result in the degradation of DNA. The abbreviations: LPS, lipopolysaccharide; CCP, Complement control proteins; TRIF, TLR and interleukin-1 receptor (TIR) domain-containing adaptor inducing IFN-β; Cyto C, Cytochrome C; TRAF, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-receptor-associated factor; TBK1, TRAF family member-associated NF-κB activator (TANK)-binding kinase 1; IRF3/7, interferon regulatory factor 3/7; CD, cluster of differentiation; LBP, lipopolysaccharide binding protein; TLR, toll-like receptor; MyD88, myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88; FADD, Fas-associated death domain protein; IRAK1/4, interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase 1/4; NF-κB, nuclear factor-κ-B.
Figure 2. Validation of RNA-Seq results using qRT-PCR. The relative fold changes of 10 genes expressed in A. japonicus coelemocytes at 4 h (A); 24 h (B) and 72 h (C) after LPS challenge. Gene abbreviations are: Bf, complement factor B; C3-2, complement component 3-2; Cat B, cathepsin B; CD36, Cluster of differentiation 36; Hsp90, heat shock protein 90; LBP, lipopolysaccharide binding protein; MyD88, myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88; Mys, Myosin; Rel, NF-κB transcription factor Rel; Thy, Thymosin β.
Alexander,
Bacterial lipopolysaccharides and innate immunity.
2001, Pubmed
Alexander,
Bacterial lipopolysaccharides and innate immunity.
2001,
Pubmed
Aparicio,
Blast2GO goes grid: developing a grid-enabled prototype for functional genomics analysis.
2006,
Pubmed
Audic,
The significance of digital gene expression profiles.
1997,
Pubmed
Bannerman,
Mechanisms of bacterial lipopolysaccharide-induced endothelial apoptosis.
2003,
Pubmed
Benjamini,
Controlling the false discovery rate in behavior genetics research.
2001,
Pubmed
Bulgakov,
Molecular and biological characterization of a mannan-binding lectin from the holothurian Apostichopus japonicus.
2007,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
Decker,
The yin and yang of type I interferon activity in bacterial infection.
2005,
Pubmed
Du,
Transcriptome sequencing and characterization for the sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus (Selenka, 1867).
2012,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
Edds,
Effects of cytochalasin and colcemid on cortical flow in coelomocytes.
1993,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
Eliseikina,
Influence of Yersinia pseudotuberculosis on the immunity of echinoderms.
2003,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
Fujita,
Evolution of the lectin-complement pathway and its role in innate immunity.
2002,
Pubmed
Graham,
Caspase-6 and neurodegeneration.
2011,
Pubmed
Greenwalt,
PAS IV, an integral membrane protein of mammary epithelial cells, is related to platelet and endothelial cell CD36 (GP IV).
1990,
Pubmed
Gross,
Echinoderm immunity and the evolution of the complement system.
1999,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
Gross,
SpC3, the complement homologue from the purple sea urchin, Strongylocentrotus purpuratus, is expressed in two subpopulations of the phagocytic coelomocytes.
2000,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
Guicciardi,
Cathepsin B contributes to TNF-alpha-mediated hepatocyte apoptosis by promoting mitochondrial release of cytochrome c.
2000,
Pubmed
Guiney,
Targeting of the actin cytoskeleton during infection by Salmonella strains.
2005,
Pubmed
Guttman,
Tight junctions as targets of infectious agents.
2009,
Pubmed
Habich,
Heat shock protein 60: specific binding of lipopolysaccharide.
2005,
Pubmed
Hänisch,
Activation of a RhoA/myosin II-dependent but Arp2/3 complex-independent pathway facilitates Salmonella invasion.
2011,
Pubmed
Hibino,
The immune gene repertoire encoded in the purple sea urchin genome.
2006,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
Hillier,
Amassin, an olfactomedin protein, mediates the massive intercellular adhesion of sea urchin coelomocytes.
2003,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
Holm,
Induced cell proliferation in putative haematopoietic tissues of the sea star, Asterias rubens (L.).
2008,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
Huang,
Genomic analysis of the immune gene repertoire of amphioxus reveals extraordinary innate complexity and diversity.
2008,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
Johnson,
The coelomic elements of sea urchins (Strongylocentrotus). 3. In vitro reaction to bacteria.
1969,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
Kingham,
Microglial secreted cathepsin B induces neuronal apoptosis.
2001,
Pubmed
Li,
RNA-seq analysis of mucosal immune responses reveals signatures of intestinal barrier disruption and pathogen entry following Edwardsiella ictaluri infection in channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus.
2012,
Pubmed
Li,
Characterization of skin ulceration syndrome associated microRNAs in sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus by deep sequencing.
2012,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
Lu,
Two adaptor molecules of MyD88 and TRAF6 in Apostichopus japonicus Toll signaling cascade: molecular cloning and expression analysis.
2013,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
Lu,
Characterization of two negative regulators of the Toll-like receptor pathway in Apostichopus japonicus: inhibitor of NF-κB and Toll-interacting protein.
2013,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
Mortazavi,
Mapping and quantifying mammalian transcriptomes by RNA-Seq.
2008,
Pubmed
Mukhopadhyay,
The role of scavenger receptors in pathogen recognition and innate immunity.
2004,
Pubmed
Ozsolak,
RNA sequencing: advances, challenges and opportunities.
2011,
Pubmed
Pancer,
Dynamic expression of multiple scavenger receptor cysteine-rich genes in coelomocytes of the purple sea urchin.
2000,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
Pfaffl,
Relative expression software tool (REST) for group-wise comparison and statistical analysis of relative expression results in real-time PCR.
2002,
Pubmed
Ramírez-Gómez,
Immune-related genes associated with intestinal tissue in the sea cucumber Holothuria glaberrima.
2008,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
Ramírez-Gómez,
LPS-induced genes in intestinal tissue of the sea cucumber Holothuria glaberrima.
2009,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
Rast,
Genomic insights into the immune system of the sea urchin.
2006,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
Rowley,
Invertebrate immune systems specific, quasi-specific, or nonspecific?
2007,
Pubmed
Sadamoto,
De novo sequencing and transcriptome analysis of the central nervous system of mollusc Lymnaea stagnalis by deep RNA sequencing.
2012,
Pubmed
Santiago-Cardona,
Lipopolysaccharides induce intestinal serum amyloid A expression in the sea cucumber Holothuria glaberrima.
2003,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
Shukla,
Role of hsp90 in systemic lupus erythematosus and its clinical relevance.
2012,
Pubmed
Smith,
The echinoid immune system and the phylogenetic occurrence of immune mechanisms in deuterostomes.
1992,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
Smith,
The echinoderm immune system. Characters shared with vertebrate immune systems and characters arising later in deuterostome phylogeny.
1994,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
Smith,
SpCoel1: a sea urchin profilin gene expressed specifically in coelomocytes in response to injury.
1992,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
Strickler,
Designing a transcriptome next-generation sequencing project for a nonmodel plant species.
2012,
Pubmed
Sun,
Large scale gene expression profiling during intestine and body wall regeneration in the sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus.
2011,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
Sun,
Identification and expression analysis of two Toll-like receptor genes from sea cucumber (Apostichopus japonicus).
2013,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
Takahashi,
Cleavage of lamin A by Mch2 alpha but not CPP32: multiple interleukin 1 beta-converting enzyme-related proteases with distinct substrate recognition properties are active in apoptosis.
1996,
Pubmed
Ulevitch,
Receptor-dependent mechanisms of cell stimulation by bacterial endotoxin.
1995,
Pubmed
Volanakis,
Participation of C3 and its ligands in complement activation.
1990,
Pubmed
Wang,
RNA-Seq: a revolutionary tool for transcriptomics.
2009,
Pubmed
Wang,
Aj-rel and Aj-p105, two evolutionary conserved NF-κB homologues in sea cucumber (Apostichopus japonicus) and their involvement in LPS induced immunity.
2013,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
Wang,
Molecular characterization and expression analysis of heat shock cognate 70 after heat stress and lipopolysaccharide challenge in sea cucumber (Apostichopus japonicus).
2013,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
Xu,
Presence of a vertebrate fibrinogen-like sequence in an echinoderm.
1990,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
Yang,
Expression of immune-related genes in embryos and larvae of sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus.
2010,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
Zhang,
Identification, evolution and expression of a CD36 homolog in the basal chordate amphioxus Branchiostoma japonicum.
2013,
Pubmed
Zhao,
The molecular characterization and expression of heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) and 26 (Hsp26) cDNAs in sea cucumber (Apostichopus japonicus).
2011,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
Zhong,
Gene cloning and function analysis of complement B factor-2 of Apostichopus japonicus.
2012,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
Zhou,
Molecular characterization and expression analysis of a complement component 3 in the sea cucumber (Apostichopus japonicus).
2011,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
Zhou,
Transcriptome sequencing of sea cucumber (Apostichopus japonicus) and the identification of gene-associated markers.
2014,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
