Golokhvast KS (2014), Airborne biogenic particles in the snow of the ...

ECB-ART-43577

J Immunol Res 2014 Jan 01;2014:141378. doi: 10.1155/2014/141378.

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Airborne biogenic particles in the snow of the cities of the Russian Far East as potential allergic compounds.

Golokhvast KS .

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This paper presents an analysis of airborne biogenic particles (1 mkm-1 mm) found in the snow in several cities of the Russian Far East during 2010-2013. The most common was vegetational terraneous detritus (fragments of tree and grass leaves) followed by animal hair, small insects and their fragments, microorganisms of aeroplankton, and equivocal biological garbage. Specific components were found in samples from locations close to bodies of water such as fragments of algae and mollusc shells and, marine invertebrates (needles of sea urchins and shell debris of arthropods). In most locations across the Far East (Vladivostok, Khabarovsk, Blagoveshchensk, and Ussuriysk), the content of biogenic particles collected in the winter did not exceed 10% of the total particulate matter, with the exception of Birobidzhan and the nature reserve Bastak, where it made up to 20%. Most of all biogenic compounds should be allergic: hair, fragments of tree and grass leaves, insects, and microorganisms.

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Genes referenced: LOC100887844 LOC100888042 LOC115925287

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	Figure 1. Electronic micrography: (a) fragments of leaves from a snow sample taken in the area of the ring motorway in Birobidzhan. Magnification ×500. (b) Wood particles from a snow sample taken at the exhibition area in Blagoveshchensk. Magnification ×35. (c) Fragments of leaves from a snow sample taken in the center of Bastak nature reserve. Magnification ×600. (d) Wood particles from a snow sample taken at the intersection of Partizanskaya and Lenin streets in Blagoveshchensk. Magnification ×180.
	Figure 2. Scanning electron microscopy in secondary electrons: (a) and (b)—hair of unknown animal (sheep Ovis aries?) from a snow sample collected in Zmeinka District, Vladivostok—; the sample was taken during a dust storm in Mongolia 04.09.2012. Magnification ×180. (c) Hair of a dog (Canis familiaris) from a snow sample taken in a one district of Blagoveshchensk. Magnification ×500. (d) Hair of a cat (Felis domesticus) from a snow sample taken around the Main Railway Station, Blagoveshchensk. Magnification ×650.
	Figure 3. (a) Fragments of unknown insect from a snow sample taken in the area of the Ring Motorway in Birobidzhan. (a) Magnification ×3200. (b) Magnification ×10000.
	Figure 4. Hyphae of fungi from a snow sample taken: (a) at the Pervomayskiy park area in Blagoveshchensk, (b) at the Child Sanatorium “Detskiy” in Khabarovsk. Scanning electron microscopy. (a) Magnification ×1000. (b) Magnification ×900.
	Figure 5. (a) Fragments of sea organics (hypothetically a part of a sponge) and (b) needle of sea urchin Scaphechinus mirabilis from a snow sample taken in the Sadgorod District of Vladivostok. Scanning electron microscopy in secondary electrons. (a) Magnification ×320. (b) Magnification ×170.
	Figure 6. Aggregates from naturally occurring minerals, vegetational detritus, and equivocal biological garbage in a snow sample taken at the Pervomayskiy park area in Blagoveshchensk. Scanning electron microscopy in secondary electrons. Magnification ×32.

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Aas, Studies of hypersensitivity to fish. A clinical study. 1966, Pubmed