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Sci Rep
2014 Aug 12;4:6032. doi: 10.1038/srep06032.
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Bloom of the cyanobacterium Moorea bouillonii on the gorgonian coral Annella reticulata in Japan.
Yamashiro H
,
Isomura N
,
Sakai K
.
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Coral populations are in decline due to environmental changes and biological attacks by predators and infectious diseases. Here, we report a localized bloom of the benthic filamentous cyanobacterium Moorea bouillonii (formerly Lyngbya bouillonii) observed exclusively on the gorgonian (sea fan) coral Annella reticulata at around 20 m depth in Japan. The degree of infection has reached 26% among different sizes of Annella colonies. Thick and continuous growth of Moorea may be sustained partly by symbiotic alpheid shrimp, which affix Moorea filaments to gorgonian corals for use as food and shelter. Most filaments get entangled on the coral colony, some penetrate into the stem of the coral with a swollen end like a root hair, which appears to function as an anchor in Annella. In addition to the cyanobacterium-shrimp interaction, the new trait of anchoring by the cyanobacterium into gorgonian coral may contribute to persistence of this bloom.
Figure 1. Map showing the study site.Bloom of the cyanobacterium Moorea bouillonii on the gorgonian coral Annella reticulata was observed at Sakubaru reef (arrow) in Akajima Island (A). Maps were downloaded from The Geospatial Information Authority of Japan.
Figure 2. (A), The colonies of gorgonian coral Annella reticulata. (B), Overgrown by the cyanobacterium Moorea bouillonii. (C), Enlarged view of M. bouillonii. (D), Close-up of the coral branches entangled by Moorea. (E), After removal of M. bouillonii filaments, dead branch (white) part and collapsed branch leaving only a central axis (arrow) are shown.
Figure 3. Percentage of infection of the cyanobacterium Moorea bouillonii on the gorgonian coral Annella reticulata at a depth of 18 ± 1 m (n = 91).
Figure 4. (A), Penetration by the cyanobacterium Moorea bouillonii into host coral Annella reticulata. (B), Terminal end of M. bouillonii showing swallen structure composed of multi-layer of sheath.
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