Álvarez JM , Fonseca R , Borges da Silva H , Marinho CR , Bortoluci KR , Sardinha LR , Epiphanio S , D'Império Lima MR .

	Figure 1. Expression of PD-L1 by infiltrating leukocytes in a chronically infected heart. C3H/HePAS mice were infected with 4 × 105 Sylvio X10/4 trypomastigotes obtained from LLCMK2 cultures. At day 400 postinfection, mice were sacrificed, and the heart tissue was digested with collagenase to isolate the infiltrating leukocytes. PD-L1 expression was analyzed by flow cytometry. Heart leukocytes from a pool of age-matched noninfected mice were also included.
	Figure 2. Parasite persistence is not the necessary outcome of heart infection by T. cruzi parasites. C57BL/6 mice were infected with 103 T. cruzi blood trypomastigotes of the Y strain. At days 18 (a) and 180 (b) postinfection, mice were sacrificed, and the heart tissue was formalin-fixed, included in paraffin, and stained with hematoxylin/eosin. Arrow in the figure shows an amastigote nest, which is magnified at the insert. Bars in figures correspond to 200 μm and to 100 μm at the insert.
	Figure 3. Lack of sensing of amastigote nests could contribute to parasite perpetuation and pathology in the chronically infected heart. Lack of sensing could occur independently of the origin of cardiomyocyte-invading trypomastigotes, that is, from a local ruptured nest or metastasis from a distant niche. The heart picture shown corresponds to a C3H/HePAS mouse infected for more than 200 days with 106 Sylvio X10/4 trypomastigotes. The tissue section was stained with hematoxylin-eosin. Bar corresponds to 100 μm (reproduced from C. R. F. Marinho, Microbes and Infection [64] with permission from Elsevier).

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