Karako-Lampert S et al. (2014), Transcriptome analysis of the scleractinian cor...

ECB-ART-43274

PLoS One 2014 Feb 13;92:e88615. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0088615.

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Transcriptome analysis of the scleractinian coral Stylophora pistillata.

Karako-Lampert S , Zoccola D , Salmon-Divon M , Katzenellenbogen M , Tambutté S , Bertucci A , Hoegh-Guldberg O , Deleury E , Allemand D , Levy O .

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The principal architects of coral reefs are the scleractinian corals; these species are divided in two major clades referred to as "robust" and "complex" corals. Although the molecular diversity of the "complex" clade has received considerable attention, with several expressed sequence tag (EST) libraries and a complete genome sequence having been constructed, the "robust" corals have received far less attention, despite the fact that robust corals have been prominent focal points for ecological and physiological studies. Filling this gap affords important opportunities to extend these studies and to improve our understanding of the differences between the two major clades. Here, we present an EST library from Stylophora pistillata (Esper 1797) and systematically analyze the assembled transcripts compared to putative homologs from the complete proteomes of six well-characterized metazoans: Nematostella vectensis, Hydra magnipapillata, Caenorhabditis elegans, Drosophila melanogaster, Strongylocentrotus purpuratus, Ciona intestinalis and Homo sapiens. Furthermore, comparative analyses of the Stylophora pistillata ESTs were performed against several Cnidaria from the Scleractinia, Actiniaria and Hydrozoa, as well as against other stony corals separately. Functional characterization of S. pistillata transcripts into KOG/COG categories and further description of Wnt and bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling pathways showed that the assembled EST library provides sufficient data and coverage. These features of this new library suggest considerable opportunities for extending our understanding of the molecular and physiological behavior of "robust" corals.

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Genes referenced: LOC100889527 LOC100892964

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	Figure 2. Flow chart of the experimental procedure.RNA was extracted from adult colonies of Stylophora pistillata from field and laboratory maintained colonies. The coral colonies were held under the presented treatments. LL – constant illumination; LD –12∶12 h light/dark; DD – constant dark.
	Figure 3. Venn diagram of transcript homologues from the stony coral Stylophora pistillata across taxonomic groups, including diploblasts (A. digitifera, H. magnipapillata, N. vectensis,); protostomes (D. Melanogaster and C. elegans); and deuterostomes (S. Purpuratus, C. intestinalis and H. sapiens).
	Figure 4. Venn diagram of transcript homologues from Stylophora pistillata across cnidarians (Scleractinia, Actiniaria, and Hydrozoa).The positions of the different groups are indicated in the left tree, obtained from Technau and Steele [63].
	Figure 5. Functional characterization of S. pistillata transcripts.A total of 8,667 transcripts were classified into KOG/COG categories, giving rise to a total of 9,769 class assignments (some COGs belong to more than one class). The distribution among the functional classes is given in the central pie chart, with each super category slice broken down into separate pie charts in the corners (poorly characterized and uncharacterized functional categories [R and S] are combined with the uncharacterized category [X] in a separate pie chart at the top left corner). The overall class distribution follows those of other metazoan genomes, with the most abundant functions being signal transduction, protein turnover, translation and transcription.
	Figure 6. Human Wnt (A) and BMP (B) signaling pathways from KEGG pathways [45].Sequences found in the Stylophora pistillata EST library based on sequence similarity with equivalent human homologues are labeled with a yellow star.
	Figure 7. Galaxin phylogenetic tree.Galaxin and Galaxin-like sequences from different species: Spi-Stylophora pistillata, Adi-Acropora digitifera, Ami-Acropora millepora, Gfa- Galaxea fascicularis were used for phylogenetic analysis. The tree was constructed using Mrbayes program [46].

References [+] :

Allemand, Organic matrix synthesis in the scleractinian coral stylophora pistillata: role in biomineralization and potential target of the organotin tributyltin. 1998, Pubmed