de Barros Leite Albuquerque L et al. (2013), Assessment of cytotoxicity, fetotoxicity, and t...

ECB-ART-43236

Biomed Res Int 2013 Jan 01;2013:128594. doi: 10.1155/2013/128594.

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Assessment of cytotoxicity, fetotoxicity, and teratogenicity of Plathymenia reticulata Benth Barks aqueous extract.

de Barros Leite Albuquerque L , Dal Belo CA , dos Santos MG , Lopes PS , Gerenutti M , Oshima-Franco Y .

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Scientific assessment of harmful interactions of chemicals over the entire reproductive cycle are divided into three segments based on the period: from premating and mating to implantation (I), from implantation to major organogenesis (II), and late pregnancy and postnatal development (III). We combined the segments I and II to assess Plathymenia reticulata aqueous extract safety. In order to investigate reproductive toxicity (segment I), pregnant rats received orally 0.5 or 1.0 g/kg of extract, daily, during 18 days. These concentrations were determined by a preliminary in vitro LD50 test in CHO-k1 cells. A control group received deionized water. The offspring was removed at the 19th day, by caesarean, and a teratology study (segment II) was carried out. The corpora lutea, implants, resorptions, live, and dead fetuses were then counted. Placenta and fetuses were weighted. External and visceral morphology were provided by the fixation of fetuses in Bouin, whereas skeletal analysis was carried out on the diaphanizated ones. The increase in the weights of placenta and fetuses was the only abnormality observed. Since there was no sign of alteration on reproduction parameters at our experimental conditions, we conclude that P. reticulata aqueous extract is safe at 0.5 to 1.0 g/kg and is not considered teratogenic.

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Genes referenced: LOC105441782 LOC115919910

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	Figure 1. Effect of P. reticulata hydroalcoholic extract against Chinese hamster ovary cell viability (%). The graph shows the cell viability versus different concentrations of P. reticulata extract (mg/mL). The IC10 value was estimated in 0.113 mg/mL and the IC50 in 0.331 mg/mL, calculated via Phototox software program [14].
	Figure 2. Effect of P. reticulata aqueous extract on weight gain of pregnant rats. On the graph each bar is the mean ± S.E.M. of five experiments. Note that there were no significant changes (P > 0.05, t-test, and one-way ANOVA test were applied in this assay) between the P. reticulata-treated and control groups.

	Figure 4. Representative pictures of 19th days gestation fetuses for teratogenicity test. Pregnant rats were treated daily with P. reticulata (1.0 g/kg) and the offspring removed surgically prior to birth. Diaphanizated fetuses were analyzed by lateral (a), posterior (b), and frontal (c) views. The parameters of sternum ossification (S), clavicule (CL), cranio (CR), pelvis (PE), mandible (M), and vertebral spine (VS) were examined. Notice that no abnormality was observed.
	Figure 5. Representative sections from head and neck regions of fetuses exposed to P. reticulata aqueous extract (1.0 g/kg). Oral region transversally sectioned: 1: palate; 2: trachea; 3: inner ear; 4: marrow. Nasal region frontally sectioned: 5: nasal cavity; 6: nasal septum; 7: palate. Cerebral hemispheres region frontally sectioned: 8: cerebral hemisphere; 9: ventricles; 10: diencephalon. Eyes region frontally sectioned: 11: cornea; 12: retina; 13: olfactory bulb; 14: crystalline. After a careful analysis of the anatomical parameters, no abnormality was observed among the groups.

References [+] :

Chernoff, Cell cycle alterations and cell death in cyclophosphamide teratogenesis. 1989, Pubmed