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An Bras Dermatol
2013 Jan 01;884:496-506. doi: 10.1590/abd1806-4841.20132587.
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Environmental dermatology: skin manifestations of injuries caused by invertebrate aquatic animals.
Haddad V
.
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Contact between humans and coastal areas has increased in recent decades, which has led to an increase in injuries from aquatic animals. The majority of these present dermatological manifestations, and some of them show typical lesions. The highest percentages of injuries that occur in marine environments are associated with invertebrates such as sea urchins, jellyfish and Portuguese men-of-war (echinoderms and cnidarians). In this review, we discuss the clinical, therapeutic and preventive aspects of injuries caused by marine and freshwater invertebrates, focusing on first aid measures and diagnosis for dermatologists and professionals in coastal areas.
FIGURE 2. Left: eczema-like plaques on the hand of a biology student who collected marine
sponges for research. Right: disseminated excoriated papules in a swimmer after
diving in a lake in the Amazon region. Photos: Vidal Haddad Junior
FIGURE 3. Linear and long crisscrossed plaques after the contact of a bather with a
Portuguese man-of-war. In detail: Physalia physalis, the
Portuguese man-of-war. Photos: Shirlei Pacheco and André Rossetto
FIGURE 4. Linear plaques of large diameter and crossed with "frozen" element, which arose
after contact with the cubomedusa Chiropsalmus quadrumanus,
present on the Brazilian coast (see detail). Photos: Vidal Haddad Junior and
Álvaro Migotto
FIGURE 5. Rounded or oval plaques and small linear marks indicate envenomation by
Olindias sambaquiensis, a common hydrozoan in southeastern and
southern regions of Brazil (see detail). Photos: João Luiz Costa Cardoso e Álvaro
Migotto
FIGURE 6. Excoriated papules in areas covered by swimsuits are typical of seabather’s
eruption. In detail: Linuche unguiculata, the thimble jellyfish,
whose larvae and adult forms cause the dermatitis. Photos: João Luiz Costa Cardoso
and Álvaro Migotto
FIGURE 7. Top-left: leeches. Polychaetes (brushworms and smooth worms). Marine worms cause
injury through biting and penetration by the body bristles. Photos: Vidal Haddad
Junior
FIGURE 8. Conus regius and Octopus sp., the common
octopus. Photos: Vidal Haddad Junior
FIGURE 9. Top-left: black sea urchins (Echinometra lucunter). Below: spines
in the feet of bathers. Photos: Vidal Haddad Junior. Right: hyperkeratotic nodules
on the hands of a diver who suffered several injuries caused by black sea urchins
(foreign body granuloma). Photo: André Rossetto
FIGURE 10. Urticaria caused by ingestion of shrimps. Eczematous process in a fisherman who
cleans shrimps. Photos: Vidal Haddad Junior.
FIGURE 11. Insects of the Belastomatidae family (giant water bugs) are venomous and can cause
painful accidents in humans. Photo: Vidal Haddad Junior
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