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Molecules
2013 Jun 19;186:7179-93. doi: 10.3390/molecules18067179.
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Immunomodulatory effect of Stichopus japonicus acid mucopolysaccharide on experimental hepatocellular carcinoma in rats.
Song Y
,
Jin SJ
,
Cui LH
,
Ji XJ
,
Yang FG
.
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Stichopus japonicus acid mucopolysaccharide (SJAMP) is an important biologically active compound that can be extracted from the body wall of the sea cucumber. The present study investigated the anti-tumor and immunomodulatory effects of SJAMP in an experimental hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) model in rats. Three doses of SJAMP (17.5 mg/kg, 35 mg/kg, and 70 mg/kg administered 5 days/week via oral gavage) were given to rats with diethylnitrosamine (DEN)-induced HCC. SJAMP treatment significantly inhibited DEN-induced HCC by reducing both the number and mean volume of nodules, decreasing serum a-fetoprotein (AFP) levels and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) expression in liver, and increasing p21 expression. Furthermore, SJAMP decreased the serum levels of ALT, AST, GGT and TNF-α and increased serum IL-2. SJAMP administration also improved indices of spleen and thymus function and improved both macrophage phagocytosis and NK cell-mediated tumoricidal activity. Moreover, CD3+ and CD4+ T lymphocyte levels recovered significantly and the CD4+/CD8+ T cell ratio normalized in a dose-dependent manner. In conclusion, SJAMP effectively inhibited the growth of HCC through the stimulation of immune organs and tissue proliferation, leading to the enhancement of cellular immunity pathways in rats.
Figure 3. Representative photographs for immunohistochemical staining studies of PCNA and p21. (A) PCNA-stained cells (indicated with arrows) in normal control group, tumor control group and high-SJAMP-dose group (magnification factor × 200); (B) p21-stained cells (indicated with arrows) in normal control group, tumor control group and high-SJAMP-dose group (magnification factor × 400).
Figure 4. Examples of scatterplots presenting CD3+, CD4+ and CD8+ lymphocyte subsets. (A) Flow cytometric analysis of staining for CD3+ (x-axis) and CD4+ (y-axis) cells in the tumor control group. The CD3+ cells are represented in lower right quadrant, and the CD4+ cells are represented in the upper left quadrant. The CD3+CD4+ cells are represented in the upper right quadrant; (B) Flow cytometric analysis of staining for CD3+ (x-axis) and CD8+ (y-axis) cells in the tumor control group. The CD3+ cells are represented in the lower right quadrant, and the CD8+ cells are represented in the upper left quadrant. The CD3+CD8+ cells are represented in the upper right quadrant.
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