Click
here to close Hello! We notice that
you are using Internet Explorer, which is not supported by Echinobase
and may cause the site to display incorrectly. We suggest using a
current version of Chrome,
FireFox,
or Safari.
Mol Biol Rep
2013 Mar 01;403:2157-67. doi: 10.1007/s11033-012-2275-7.
Show Gene links
Show Anatomy links
Effects of cadmium exposure on sea urchin development assessed by SSH and RT-qPCR: metallothionein genes and their differential induction.
Ragusa MA
,
Costa S
,
Gianguzza M
,
Roccheri MC
,
Gianguzza F
.
???displayArticle.abstract???
In order to study the defense strategies activated by Paracentrotus lividus embryos in response to sub-lethal doses of CdCl2, we compared the induced transcripts to that of control embryos by suppression subtractive hybridization technique. We isolated five metallothionein (MT) cDNAs and other genes related to detoxification, to signaling pathway components, to oxidative, reductive and conjugative biotransformation, to RNA maturation and protein synthesis. RT-qPCR analysis revealed that two of the five P. lividus MT (PlMT7 and PlMT8) genes appeared to be constitutively expressed and upregulated following cadmium treatment, whereas the other three genes (PlMT4, PlMT5, PlMT6) are specifically switched-on in response to cadmium treatment. Moreover, we found that this transcriptional induction is concentration dependent and that the cadmium concentration threshold for the gene activation is distinct for every gene. RT-qPCR experiments showed in fact that, among induced genes, PlMT5 gene is activated at a very low cadmium concentration (0.1 μM) whereas PlMT4 and PlMT6 are activated at intermediate doses (1-10 μM). Differently, PlMT7 and PlMT8 genes increase significantly their expression only in embryos treated with the highest dose (100 μM CdCl2). We found also that, in response to a lethal dose of cadmium (1 μM), only PlMT5 and PlMT6 mRNA levels increased further. These data suggest a hierarchical and orchestrated response of the P. lividus embryo to overcome differential environmental stressors that could interfere with a normal development.
Agnello,
Cadmium induces an apoptotic response in sea urchin embryos.
2007, Pubmed,
Echinobase
Agnello,
Cadmium induces an apoptotic response in sea urchin embryos.
2007,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
Amiard,
Metallothioneins in aquatic invertebrates: their role in metal detoxification and their use as biomarkers.
2006,
Pubmed
Angerer,
Spatial patterns of metallothionein mRNA expression in the sea urchin embryo.
1986,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
Au,
Reproductive impairment of sea urchins upon chronic exposure to cadmium. Part I: Effects on gamete quality.
2001,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
Capdevila,
Metallothionein protein evolution: a miniassay.
2011,
Pubmed
Casano,
Deciliation: A stressful event for Paracentrotus lividus embryos.
1998,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
Casano,
Spatial expression of alpha and beta tubulin genes in the late embryogenesis of the sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus.
1996,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
Chiarelli,
Sea urchin embryos as a model system for studying autophagy induced by cadmium stress.
2011,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
Damle,
Synthetic in vivo validation of gene network circuitry.
2012,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
de Torres,
Expression profiling of the host response to bacterial infection: the transition from basal to induced defence responses in RPM1-mediated resistance.
2003,
Pubmed
Epel,
Protection of DNA during early development: adaptations and evolutionary consequences.
2003,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
Filosto,
Environmentally relevant cadmium concentrations affect development and induce apoptosis of Paracentrotus lividus larvae cultured in vitro.
2008,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
Geraci,
Nickel, lead, and cadmium induce differential cellular responses in sea urchin embryos by activating the synthesis of different HSP70s.
2004,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
Gianguzza,
Sequence and expression of Paracentrotus lividus alpha tubulin gene.
1990,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
Gianguzza,
DNA sequence and pattern of expression of the sea urchin (Paracentrotus lividus) alpha-tubulin genes.
1989,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
Goldstone,
Environmental sensing and response genes in cnidaria: the chemical defensome in the sea anemone Nematostella vectensis.
2008,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
Goldstone,
The chemical defensome: environmental sensing and response genes in the Strongylocentrotus purpuratus genome.
2006,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
Guirola,
Comparative genomics analysis of metallothioneins in twelve Drosophila species.
2011,
Pubmed
Hamdoun,
Embryo stability and vulnerability in an always changing world.
2007,
Pubmed
Höckner,
Physiological relevance and contribution to metal balance of specific and non-specific Metallothionein isoforms in the garden snail, Cantareus aspersus.
2011,
Pubmed
Mao,
The involvement of metallothionein in the development of aquatic invertebrate.
2012,
Pubmed
Matranga,
Cellular and biochemical responses to environmental and experimentally induced stress in sea urchin coelomocytes.
2000,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
Matranga,
Monitoring chemical and physical stress using sea urchin immune cells.
2005,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
Moncada,
Does nitric oxide modulate mitochondrial energy generation and apoptosis?
2002,
Pubmed
Nemer,
Sea urchin metallothionein sequence: key to an evolutionary diversity.
1985,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
Nemer,
Structure, spatial, and temporal expression of two sea urchin metallothionein genes, SpMTB1 and SpMTA.
1991,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
Radenac,
Bioaccumulation and toxicity of four dissolved metals in Paracentrotus lividus sea-urchin embryo.
2001,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
Rainbow,
Kenneth Mellanby Review Award. Trace metal concentrations in aquatic invertebrates: why and so what?
2002,
Pubmed
Roccheri,
Cadmium induces the expression of specific stress proteins in sea urchin embryos.
2004,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
Russo,
Stress to cadmium monitored by metallothionein gene induction in Paracentrotus lividus embryos.
2003,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
Schröder,
DNA damage and developmental defects after exposure to UV and heavy metals in sea urchin cells and embryos compared to other invertebrates.
2005,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
Scudiero,
Isolation and primary structure determination of a metallothionein from Paracentrotus lividus (Echinodermata, Echinoidea).
1995,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
Soazig,
Potential use of the levels of the mRNA of a specific metallothionein isoform (MT-20) in mussel (Mytilus edulis) as a biomarker of cadmium contamination.
2003,
Pubmed
Thirumoorthy,
A review of metallothionein isoforms and their role in pathophysiology.
2011,
Pubmed
Vasák,
Metallothioneins: new functional and structural insights.
2000,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
Wang,
Significance of metallothioneins in metal accumulation kinetics in marine animals.
2010,
Pubmed
Wilkinson,
Metallothionein genes MTa and MTb expressed under distinct quantitative and tissue-specific regulation in sea urchin embryos.
1987,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
Xu,
Nitric oxide: orchestrating hypoxia regulation through mitochondrial respiration and the endoplasmic reticulum stress response.
2005,
Pubmed
Zeitoun-Ghandour,
The two Caenorhabditis elegans metallothioneins (CeMT-1 and CeMT-2) discriminate between essential zinc and toxic cadmium.
2010,
Pubmed
