Click
here to close Hello! We notice that
you are using Internet Explorer, which is not supported by Echinobase
and may cause the site to display incorrectly. We suggest using a
current version of Chrome,
FireFox,
or Safari.
???displayArticle.abstract???
Sulfatases such as arylsulfatase and heparan sulfate 6-O-endosulfatase play important roles in morphogenesis during sea urchin development. For the activation of these sulfatases, Cα-formylglycine formation by sulfatase modifying factor (Sumf) is required. In this study, to clarify the regulatory mechanisms for the activation of sulfatases during sea urchin development, we examined the expression and function of the Hemicentrotus pulcherrimus homologs of Sumf1 and Sumf2 (HpSumf1 and HpSumf2, respectively). Expression of HpSumf1 but not HpSumf2 mRNA was dynamically changed during early development. Functional analyses of recombinant HpSumf1 and HpSumf2 using HEK293T cells expressing mouse arylsulfatase A (ArsA) indicated that HpSumf1 and HpSumf2 were both able to activate mammalian ArsA. Knockdown of HpSumf1 using morpholino antisense oligonucleotides caused abnormal spicule formation in the sea urchin embryo. Injection of HpSumf2 mRNA had no effect on skeletogenesis, while injection of HpSumf1 mRNA induced severe supernumerary spicule formation. Taken together, these findings suggest that HpSumf1 is involved in the activation of sulfatases required for control of skeletogenesis.
Annunziata,
Multiple sulfatase deficiency is due to hypomorphic mutations of the SUMF1 gene.
2007, Pubmed
Annunziata,
Multiple sulfatase deficiency is due to hypomorphic mutations of the SUMF1 gene.
2007,
Pubmed
Arenas-Mena,
Spatial expression of Hox cluster genes in the ontogeny of a sea urchin.
2000,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
Bergeron,
Oral-aboral patterning and gastrulation of sea urchin embryos depend on sulfated glycosaminoglycans.
2011,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
Buono,
Sulfatase activities towards the regulation of cell metabolism and signaling in mammals.
2010,
Pubmed
Chomczynski,
Single-step method of RNA isolation by acid guanidinium thiocyanate-phenol-chloroform extraction.
1987,
Pubmed
Cosma,
The multiple sulfatase deficiency gene encodes an essential and limiting factor for the activity of sulfatases.
2003,
Pubmed
Dierks,
Multiple sulfatase deficiency is caused by mutations in the gene encoding the human C(alpha)-formylglycine generating enzyme.
2003,
Pubmed
Dierks,
Sequence determinants directing conversion of cysteine to formylglycine in eukaryotic sulfatases.
1999,
Pubmed
Dierks,
Molecular basis for multiple sulfatase deficiency and mechanism for formylglycine generation of the human formylglycine-generating enzyme.
2005,
Pubmed
Duboc,
Nodal and BMP2/4 signaling organizes the oral-aboral axis of the sea urchin embryo.
2004,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
Fraldi,
SUMF1 enhances sulfatase activities in vivo in five sulfatase deficiencies.
2007,
Pubmed
Freeman,
Extracellular regulation of developmental cell signaling by XtSulf1.
2008,
Pubmed
Fujita,
Mammalian arylsulfatase A functions as a novel component of the extracellular matrix.
2010,
Pubmed
Fujita,
HpSulf, a heparan sulfate 6-O-endosulfatase, is involved in the regulation of VEGF signaling during sea urchin development.
2010,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
Gande,
Paralog of the formylglycine-generating enzyme--retention in the endoplasmic reticulum by canonical and noncanonical signals.
2008,
Pubmed
Haag,
Isolation and characterization of three mRNAs enriched in embryos of the direct-developing sea urchin Heliocidaris erythrogramma: evolution of larval ectoderm.
1998,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
Hanson,
Sulfatases: structure, mechanism, biological activity, inhibition, and synthetic utility.
2004,
Pubmed
Keinanen,
Genetic analysis of murine arylsulfatase C and steroid sulfatase.
1983,
Pubmed
Landgrebe,
The human SUMF1 gene, required for posttranslational sulfatase modification, defines a new gene family which is conserved from pro- to eukaryotes.
2003,
Pubmed
Mariappan,
The non-catalytic N-terminal extension of formylglycine-generating enzyme is required for its biological activity and retention in the endoplasmic reticulum.
2008,
Pubmed
Mariappan,
Expression, localization, structural, and functional characterization of pFGE, the paralog of the Calpha-formylglycine-generating enzyme.
2005,
Pubmed
Minokawa,
Expression patterns of four different regulatory genes that function during sea urchin development.
2004,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
Mitsunaga-Nakatsubo,
Sea urchin arylsulfatase, an extracellular matrix component, is involved in gastrulation during embryogenesis.
2009,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
Mitsunaga-Nakatsubo,
Arylsulfatase exists as non-enzymatic cell surface protein in sea urchin embryos.
1998,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
Ochiai,
Analysis of cis-regulatory elements controlling spatio-temporal expression of T-brain gene in sea urchin, Hemicentrotus pulcherrimus.
2008,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
Preusser-Kunze,
Molecular characterization of the human Calpha-formylglycine-generating enzyme.
2005,
Pubmed
Rapraeger,
The appearance of an extracellular arylsulfatase during morphogenesis of the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus purpuratus.
1981,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
Rast,
Transgenic manipulation of the sea urchin embryo.
2000,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
Roeser,
A general binding mechanism for all human sulfatases by the formylglycine-generating enzyme.
2006,
Pubmed
Sasaki,
cDNA cloning, nucleotide sequence and expression of the gene for arylsulfatase in the sea urchin (Hemicentrotus pulcherrimus) embryo.
1988,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
Schmidt,
A novel amino acid modification in sulfatases that is defective in multiple sulfatase deficiency.
1995,
Pubmed
Tang,
Functional consequences of the subdomain organization of the sulfs.
2009,
Pubmed
Uchimura,
HSulf-2, an extracellular endoglucosamine-6-sulfatase, selectively mobilizes heparin-bound growth factors and chemokines: effects on VEGF, FGF-1, and SDF-1.
2006,
Pubmed
van der Pal,
Developmental profiles of arylsulfatases A and B in rat cerebral cortex and spinal cord.
1991,
Pubmed
Viviano,
Domain-specific modification of heparan sulfate by Qsulf1 modulates the binding of the bone morphogenetic protein antagonist Noggin.
2004,
Pubmed
Yang,
Structure and tissue-specific developmental expression of a sea urchin arylsulfatase gene.
1989,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
Zito,
Sulphatase activities are regulated by the interaction of sulphatase-modifying factor 1 with SUMF2.
2005,
Pubmed
