Click
here to close Hello! We notice that
you are using Internet Explorer, which is not supported by Echinobase
and may cause the site to display incorrectly. We suggest using a
current version of Chrome,
FireFox,
or Safari.
Immunocytochemical localization of synaptic proteins to photoreceptor synapses of Drosophila melanogaster.
Hamanaka Y
,
Meinertzhagen IA
.
???displayArticle.abstract???
The location of proteins that contribute to synaptic function has been widely studied in vertebrate synapses, far more than at model synapses of the genetically manipulable fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster. Drosophila photoreceptor terminals have been extensively exploited to characterize the actions of synaptic genes, and their distinct and repetitive synaptic ultrastructure is anatomically well suited for such studies. Synaptic release sites include a bipartite T-bar ribbon, comprising a platform surmounting a pedestal. So far, little is known about the composition and precise location of proteins at either the T-bar ribbon or its associated synaptic organelles, knowledge of which is required to understand many details of synaptic function. We studied the localization of candidate proteins to pre- or postsynaptic organelles, by using immuno-electron microscopy with the pre-embedding method, after first validating immunolabeling by confocal microscopy. We used monoclonal antibodies against Bruchpilot, epidermal growth factor receptor pathway substrate clone 15 (EPS-15), and cysteine string protein (CSP), all raised against a fly head homogenate, as well as sea urchin kinesin (antibody SUK4) and Discs large (DLG). All these antibodies labeled distinct synaptic structures in photoreceptor terminals in the first optic neuropil, the lamina, as did rabbit anti-DPAK (Drosophila p21 activated kinase) and anti-Dynamin. Validating reports from light microscopy, immunoreactivity to Bruchpilot localized to the edge of the platform, and immunoreactivity to SUK4 localized to the pedestal of the T-bar ribbon. Anti-DLG recognized the photoreceptor head of capitate projections, invaginating organelles from surrounding glia. For synaptic vesicles, immunoreactivity to EPS-15 localized to sites of endocytosis, and anti-CSP labeled vesicles lying close to the T-bar ribbon. These results provide markers for synaptic sites, and a basis for further functional studies.
Ang,
Dock and Pak regulate olfactory axon pathfinding in Drosophila.
2003, Pubmed
Ang,
Dock and Pak regulate olfactory axon pathfinding in Drosophila.
2003,
Pubmed
Bagrodia,
Pak to the future.
1999,
Pubmed
Borycz,
Histamine compartments of the Drosophila brain with an estimate of the quantum content at the photoreceptor synapse.
2005,
Pubmed
Brandstätter,
Differential expression of the presynaptic cytomatrix protein bassoon among ribbon synapses in the mammalian retina.
1999,
Pubmed
Brose,
Mammalian homologues of Caenorhabditis elegans unc-13 gene define novel family of C2-domain proteins.
1995,
Pubmed
Budnik,
Regulation of synapse structure and function by the Drosophila tumor suppressor gene dlg.
1996,
Pubmed
Burkhardt,
Some peculiar synaptic complexes in the first visual ganglion of the fly, Musca domestica.
1976,
Pubmed
Burns,
Synaptic structure and function: dynamic organization yields architectural precision.
1995,
Pubmed
Cases-Langhoff,
Piccolo, a novel 420 kDa protein associated with the presynaptic cytomatrix.
1996,
Pubmed
Chen,
Discs-large (DLG) is clustered by presynaptic innervation and regulates postsynaptic glutamate receptor subunit composition in Drosophila.
2005,
Pubmed
Conder,
The serine/threonine kinase dPak is required for polarized assembly of F-actin bundles and apical-basal polarity in the Drosophila follicular epithelium.
2007,
Pubmed
Dawson-Scully,
Morphological and functional effects of altered cysteine string protein at the Drosophila larval neuromuscular junction.
2007,
Pubmed
Dawson-Scully,
Cysteine-string protein increases the calcium sensitivity of neurotransmitter exocytosis in Drosophila.
2000,
Pubmed
Deguchi-Tawarada,
Active zone protein CAST is a component of conventional and ribbon synapses in mouse retina.
2006,
Pubmed
Eberle,
Wide distribution of the cysteine string proteins in Drosophila tissues revealed by targeted mutagenesis.
1998,
Pubmed
Estes,
Traffic of dynamin within individual Drosophila synaptic boutons relative to compartment-specific markers.
1996,
Pubmed
Fabian-Fine,
Endophilin promotes a late step in endocytosis at glial invaginations in Drosophila photoreceptor terminals.
2003,
Pubmed
Fabian-Fine,
Peripheral synapses at identified mechanosensory neurons in spiders: three-dimensional reconstruction and GABA immunocytochemistry.
1999,
Pubmed
Feeney,
Motor nerve terminals on abdominal muscles in larval flesh flies, Sarcophaga bullata: comparisons with Drosophila.
1998,
Pubmed
Fröhlich,
Synaptogenesis in the first optic neuropile of the fly's visual system.
1982,
Pubmed
Fröhlich,
Freeze-fracture study of an invertebrate multiple-contact synapse: the fly photoreceptor tetrad.
1985,
Pubmed
Garner,
Molecular determinants of presynaptic active zones.
2000,
Pubmed
Gass,
Two isoforms of Drosophila dynamin in wild-type and shibire(ts) neural tissue: different subcellular localization and association mechanisms.
1995,
Pubmed
Godenschwege,
Flies lacking all synapsins are unexpectedly healthy but are impaired in complex behaviour.
2004,
Pubmed
Graham,
Comparison of cysteine string protein (Csp) and mutant alpha-SNAP overexpression reveals a role for csp in late steps of membrane fusion in dense-core granule exocytosis in adrenal chromaffin cells.
2000,
Pubmed
Gundelfinger,
Molecular organization of excitatory chemical synapses in the mammalian brain.
2000,
Pubmed
Harden,
A Drosophila homolog of the Rac- and Cdc42-activated serine/threonine kinase PAK is a potential focal adhesion and focal complex protein that colocalizes with dynamic actin structures.
1996,
Pubmed
Harlow,
The architecture of active zone material at the frog's neuromuscular junction.
2001,
Pubmed
Harzsch,
From embryo to adult: persistent neurogenesis and apoptotic cell death shape the lobster deutocerebrum.
1999,
Pubmed
Hiesinger,
Visualization of synaptic markers in the optic neuropils of Drosophila using a new constrained deconvolution method.
2001,
Pubmed
Hing,
Pak functions downstream of Dock to regulate photoreceptor axon guidance in Drosophila.
1999,
Pubmed
Hinshaw,
Dynamin and its role in membrane fission.
2000,
Pubmed
Hofbauer,
The Wuerzburg hybridoma library against Drosophila brain.
2009,
Pubmed
Ingold,
Inhibition of kinesin-driven microtubule motility by monoclonal antibodies to kinesin heavy chains.
1988,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
Johard,
Intrinsic neurons of Drosophila mushroom bodies express short neuropeptide F: relations to extrinsic neurons expressing different neurotransmitters.
2008,
Pubmed
Kawasaki,
Active zone localization of presynaptic calcium channels encoded by the cacophony locus of Drosophila.
2004,
Pubmed
Kittel,
Bruchpilot promotes active zone assembly, Ca2+ channel clustering, and vesicle release.
2006,
Pubmed
Klagges,
Invertebrate synapsins: a single gene codes for several isoforms in Drosophila.
1996,
Pubmed
Koh,
Dap160/intersectin acts as a stabilizing scaffold required for synaptic development and vesicle endocytosis.
2004,
Pubmed
Kolodziejczyk,
Glutamate, GABA and acetylcholine signaling components in the lamina of the Drosophila visual system.
2008,
Pubmed
Koulen,
Immunocytochemical localization of the postsynaptic density protein PSD-95 in the mammalian retina.
1998,
Pubmed
Lahey,
The Drosophila tumor suppressor gene dlg is required for normal synaptic bouton structure.
1994,
Pubmed
Lenzi,
Synaptic vesicle populations in saccular hair cells reconstructed by electron tomography.
1999,
Pubmed
Lloyd,
A genome-wide search for synaptic vesicle cycle proteins in Drosophila.
2000,
Pubmed
Marie,
Dap160/intersectin scaffolds the periactive zone to achieve high-fidelity endocytosis and normal synaptic growth.
2004,
Pubmed
Mastrogiacomo,
Antipeptide antibodies against a Torpedo cysteine-string protein.
1994,
Pubmed
Meinertzhagen,
Synaptic organization of columnar elements in the lamina of the wild type in Drosophila melanogaster.
1991,
Pubmed
Meinertzhagen,
Synaptic organization in the fly's optic lamina: few cells, many synapses and divergent microcircuits.
2001,
Pubmed
Meinertzhagen,
Ultrastructure and quantification of synapses in the insect nervous system.
1996,
Pubmed
Mentzel,
Phylogenetic and structural analysis of the Drosophila melanogaster p21-activated kinase DmPAK3.
2005,
Pubmed
Muresan,
The kinesin motor KIF3A is a component of the presynaptic ribbon in vertebrate photoreceptors.
1999,
Pubmed
Nicol,
Regulation in the number of fly photoreceptor synapses: the effects of alterations in the number of presynaptic cells.
1982,
Pubmed
Nie,
Overexpression of cysteine-string proteins in Drosophila reveals interactions with syntaxin.
1999,
Pubmed
Ohtsuka,
Cast: a novel protein of the cytomatrix at the active zone of synapses that forms a ternary complex with RIM1 and munc13-1.
2002,
Pubmed
Parnas,
Regulation of postsynaptic structure and protein localization by the Rho-type guanine nucleotide exchange factor dPix.
2001,
Pubmed
Parsons,
Synaptic ribbon. Conveyor belt or safety belt?
2003,
Pubmed
Prokop,
Development and structure of synaptic contacts in Drosophila.
2006,
Pubmed
Pyza,
Circadian rhythms in screening pigment and invaginating organelles in photoreceptor terminals of the housefly's first optic neuropile.
1997,
Pubmed
Ready,
Development of the Drosophila retina, a neurocrystalline lattice.
1976,
Pubmed
Rizo,
Synaptic vesicle fusion.
2008,
Pubmed
Rohrbough,
Presynaptic establishment of the synaptic cleft extracellular matrix is required for post-synaptic differentiation.
2007,
Pubmed
Rosenmund,
Molecular mechanisms of active zone function.
2003,
Pubmed
Schoch,
Molecular organization of the presynaptic active zone.
2006,
Pubmed
Shaw,
Evolutionary progression at synaptic connections made by identified homologous neurones.
1986,
Pubmed
Sone,
Synaptic development is controlled in the periactive zones of Drosophila synapses.
2000,
Pubmed
Stark,
Ultrastructure of capitate projections in the optic neuropil of Diptera.
1986,
Pubmed
Sterling,
Structure and function of ribbon synapses.
2005,
Pubmed
Stowers,
Axonal transport of mitochondria to synapses depends on milton, a novel Drosophila protein.
2002,
Pubmed
Stuart,
The dynamics of signaling at the histaminergic photoreceptor synapse of arthropods.
2007,
Pubmed
Sudhof,
The synaptic vesicle cycle.
2004,
Pubmed
Südhof,
The synaptic vesicle cycle: a cascade of protein-protein interactions.
1995,
Pubmed
Südhof,
Synapsins: mosaics of shared and individual domains in a family of synaptic vesicle phosphoproteins.
1989,
Pubmed
Takao-Rikitsu,
Physical and functional interaction of the active zone proteins, CAST, RIM1, and Bassoon, in neurotransmitter release.
2004,
Pubmed
Tejedor,
Essential role for dlg in synaptic clustering of Shaker K+ channels in vivo.
1997,
Pubmed
Thomas,
Synaptic clustering of the cell adhesion molecule fasciclin II by discs-large and its role in the regulation of presynaptic structure.
1997,
Pubmed
Verhage,
Regulated exocytosis: merging ideas on fusing membranes.
2007,
Pubmed
Wagh,
Bruchpilot, a protein with homology to ELKS/CAST, is required for structural integrity and function of synaptic active zones in Drosophila.
2006,
Pubmed
Wang,
A family of RIM-binding proteins regulated by alternative splicing: Implications for the genesis of synaptic active zones.
2002,
Pubmed
Wang,
Aczonin, a 550-kD putative scaffolding protein of presynaptic active zones, shares homology regions with Rim and Bassoon and binds profilin.
1999,
Pubmed
Wang,
The RIM/NIM family of neuronal C2 domain proteins. Interactions with Rab3 and a new class of Src homology 3 domain proteins.
2000,
Pubmed
Wang,
Rim is a putative Rab3 effector in regulating synaptic-vesicle fusion.
1997,
Pubmed
Woods,
ZO-1, DlgA and PSD-95/SAP90: homologous proteins in tight, septate and synaptic cell junctions.
1993,
Pubmed
Woods,
Dlg protein is required for junction structure, cell polarity, and proliferation control in Drosophila epithelia.
1996,
Pubmed
Zhai,
The architecture of the active zone in the presynaptic nerve terminal.
2004,
Pubmed
Zinsmaier,
A cysteine-string protein is expressed in retina and brain of Drosophila.
1990,
Pubmed
Zinsmaier,
Paralysis and early death in cysteine string protein mutants of Drosophila.
1994,
Pubmed
Zito,
Synaptic clustering of Fascilin II and Shaker: essential targeting sequences and role of Dlg.
1997,
Pubmed
tom Dieck,
Molecular dissection of the photoreceptor ribbon synapse: physical interaction of Bassoon and RIBEYE is essential for the assembly of the ribbon complex.
2005,
Pubmed
tom Dieck,
Bassoon, a novel zinc-finger CAG/glutamine-repeat protein selectively localized at the active zone of presynaptic nerve terminals.
1998,
Pubmed