Click
here to close Hello! We notice that
you are using Internet Explorer, which is not supported by Echinobase
and may cause the site to display incorrectly. We suggest using a
current version of Chrome,
FireFox,
or Safari.
???displayArticle.abstract???
The oral-aboral (OA) axis in the sea urchin is specified by the TGFbeta family members Nodal and BMP2/4. Nodal promotes oral specification, whereas BMP2/4, despite being expressed in the oral territory, is required for aboral specification. This study explores the role of Chordin (Chd) during sea urchin embryogenesis. Chd is a secreted BMP inhibitor that plays an important role in axial and neural specification and patterning in Drosophila and vertebrate embryos. In Lytechinus variegatus embryos, Chd and BMP2/4 are functionally antagonistic. Both are expressed in overlapping domains in the oral territory prior to and during gastrulation. Perturbation shows that, surprisingly, Chd is not involved in OA axis specification. Instead, Chd is required both for normal patterning of the ciliary band at the OA boundary and for development of synaptotagmin B-positive (synB) neurons in a manner that is reciprocal with BMP2/4. Chd expression and synB-positive neural development are both downstream from p38 MAPK and Nodal, but not Goosecoid. These data are summarized in a model for synB neural development.
Amore,
Spdeadringer, a sea urchin embryo gene required separately in skeletogenic and oral ectoderm gene regulatory networks.
2003, Pubmed,
Echinobase
Amore,
Spdeadringer, a sea urchin embryo gene required separately in skeletogenic and oral ectoderm gene regulatory networks.
2003,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase Angerer,
Sea urchin goosecoid function links fate specification along the animal-vegetal and oral-aboral embryonic axes.
2001,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase Angerer,
Sea urchin metalloproteases: a genomic survey of the BMP-1/tolloid-like, MMP and ADAM families.
2006,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase Angerer,
A BMP pathway regulates cell fate allocation along the sea urchin animal-vegetal embryonic axis.
2000,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase Bachiller,
The organizer factors Chordin and Noggin are required for mouse forebrain development.
2000,
Pubmed Bachiller,
The role of chordin/Bmp signals in mammalian pharyngeal development and DiGeorge syndrome.
2003,
Pubmed Bradham,
The sea urchin kinome: a first look.
2006,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase Bradham,
p38 MAPK is essential for secondary axis specification and patterning in sea urchin embryos.
2006,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase Burke,
Neuron-specific expression of a synaptotagmin gene in the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus purpuratus.
2006,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase Cameron,
The embryonic ciliated band of the sea urchin, Strongylocentrotus purpuratus derives from both oral and aboral ectoderm.
1993,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase Choi,
Overexpression of calbindin-D28K induces neurite outgrowth in dopaminergic neuronal cells via activation of p38 MAPK.
2001,
Pubmed Croce,
Coquillette, a sea urchin T-box gene of the Tbx2 subfamily, is expressed asymmetrically along the oral-aboral axis of the embryo and is involved in skeletogenesis.
2003,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase Dal-Pra,
Noggin1 and Follistatin-like2 function redundantly to Chordin to antagonize BMP activity.
2006,
Pubmed Davidson,
A genomic regulatory network for development.
2002,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase Duboc,
Nodal and BMP2/4 signaling organizes the oral-aboral axis of the sea urchin embryo.
2004,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase Ferguson,
Localized enhancement and repression of the activity of the TGF-beta family member, decapentaplegic, is necessary for dorsal-ventral pattern formation in the Drosophila embryo.
1992,
Pubmed Flowers,
Nodal/activin signaling establishes oral-aboral polarity in the early sea urchin embryo.
2004,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase Francois,
Dorsal-ventral patterning of the Drosophila embryo depends on a putative negative growth factor encoded by the short gastrulation gene.
1994,
Pubmed Gross,
LvTbx2/3: a T-box family transcription factor involved in formation of the oral/aboral axis of the sea urchin embryo.
2003,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase Hammerschmidt,
dino and mercedes, two genes regulating dorsal development in the zebrafish embryo.
1996,
Pubmed Hammerschmidt,
Genetic analysis of dorsoventral pattern formation in the zebrafish: requirement of a BMP-like ventralizing activity and its dorsal repressor.
1996,
Pubmed Hansen,
Cyclic AMP-induced neuronal differentiation via activation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase.
2000,
Pubmed Hansen,
Direct neural induction and selective inhibition of mesoderm and epidermis inducers by Xnr3.
1997,
Pubmed Haramoto,
Xenopus tropicalis nodal-related gene 3 regulates BMP signaling: an essential role for the pro-region.
2004,
Pubmed Haramoto,
Two distinct domains in pro-region of Nodal-related 3 are essential for BMP inhibition.
2006,
Pubmed Hardin,
Commitment along the dorsoventral axis of the sea urchin embryo is altered in response to NiCl2.
1992,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase Hemmati-Brivanlou,
Follistatin, an antagonist of activin, is expressed in the Spemann organizer and displays direct neuralizing activity.
1994,
Pubmed Holley,
A conserved system for dorsal-ventral patterning in insects and vertebrates involving sog and chordin.
1995,
Pubmed Hwang,
Characterization of a homolog of human bone morphogenetic protein 1 in the embryo of the sea urchin, Strongylocentrotus purpuratus.
1994,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase Iemura,
Direct binding of follistatin to a complex of bone-morphogenetic protein and its receptor inhibits ventral and epidermal cell fates in early Xenopus embryo.
1998,
Pubmed Ishii,
Integrin-linked kinase controls neurite outgrowth in N1E-115 neuroblastoma cells.
2001,
Pubmed Iwasaki,
Specific activation of the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway and induction of neurite outgrowth in PC12 cells by bone morphogenetic protein-2.
1999,
Pubmed Khokha,
Depletion of three BMP antagonists from Spemann's organizer leads to a catastrophic loss of dorsal structures.
2005,
Pubmed Kuroda,
Neural induction in Xenopus: requirement for ectodermal and endomesodermal signals via Chordin, Noggin, beta-Catenin, and Cerberus.
2004,
Pubmed Lapraz,
RTK and TGF-beta signaling pathways genes in the sea urchin genome.
2006,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase Lepage,
Spatial and temporal expression pattern during sea urchin embryogenesis of a gene coding for a protease homologous to the human protein BMP-1 and to the product of the Drosophila dorsal-ventral patterning gene tolloid.
1992,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase Little,
Extracellular modulation of BMP activity in patterning the dorsoventral axis.
2006,
Pubmed Masucci,
Pattern-specific expression of the Drosophila decapentaplegic gene in imaginal disks is regulated by 3' cis-regulatory elements.
1990,
Pubmed Minokawa,
Expression patterns of four different regulatory genes that function during sea urchin development.
2004,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase Morooka,
Requirement of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase for neuronal differentiation in PC12 cells.
1998,
Pubmed Nakajima,
Divergent patterns of neural development in larval echinoids and asteroids.
2004,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase Nam,
Cis-regulatory control of the nodal gene, initiator of the sea urchin oral ectoderm gene network.
2007,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase Oelgeschläger,
Chordin is required for the Spemann organizer transplantation phenomenon in Xenopus embryos.
2003,
Pubmed Oliveri,
Repression of mesodermal fate by foxa, a key endoderm regulator of the sea urchin embryo.
2006,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase Piccolo,
Cleavage of Chordin by Xolloid metalloprotease suggests a role for proteolytic processing in the regulation of Spemann organizer activity.
1997,
Pubmed Piccolo,
Dorsoventral patterning in Xenopus: inhibition of ventral signals by direct binding of chordin to BMP-4.
1996,
Pubmed Posakony,
Wing formation in Drosophila melanogaster requires decapentaplegic gene function along the anterior-posterior compartment boundary.
1990,
Pubmed Poustka,
On the origin of the chordate central nervous system: expression of onecut in the sea urchin embryo.
2004,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase Poustka,
Generation, annotation, evolutionary analysis, and database integration of 20,000 unique sea urchin EST clusters.
2003,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase Poustka,
A global view of gene expression in lithium and zinc treated sea urchin embryos: new components of gene regulatory networks.
2007,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase Range,
Cis-regulatory analysis of nodal and maternal control of dorsal-ventral axis formation by Univin, a TGF-beta related to Vg1.
2007,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase Rentzsch,
Asymmetric expression of the BMP antagonists chordin and gremlin in the sea anemone Nematostella vectensis: implications for the evolution of axial patterning.
2006,
Pubmed Reynolds,
Early mRNAs, spatially restricted along the animal-vegetal axis of sea urchin embryos, include one encoding a protein related to tolloid and BMP-1.
1992,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase Samanta,
The transcriptome of the sea urchin embryo.
2006,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase Sasai,
Regulation of neural induction by the Chd and Bmp-4 antagonistic patterning signals in Xenopus.
1995,
Pubmed Sasai,
Xenopus chordin: a novel dorsalizing factor activated by organizer-specific homeobox genes.
1994,
Pubmed Shen,
The role of Dpp signaling in maintaining the Drosophila anteroposterior compartment boundary.
2005,
Pubmed Shimmi,
Physical properties of Tld, Sog, Tsg and Dpp protein interactions are predicted to help create a sharp boundary in Bmp signals during dorsoventral patterning of the Drosophila embryo.
2003,
Pubmed Shimmi,
Facilitated transport of a Dpp/Scw heterodimer by Sog/Tsg leads to robust patterning of the Drosophila blastoderm embryo.
2005,
Pubmed Smith,
Roles of BMP signaling and Nkx2.5 in patterning at the chick midgut-foregut boundary.
2000,
Pubmed Smith,
Expression cloning of noggin, a new dorsalizing factor localized to the Spemann organizer in Xenopus embryos.
1992,
Pubmed Sodergren,
The genome of the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus purpuratus.
2006,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase Takacs,
Expression of an NK2 homeodomain gene in the apical ectoderm defines a new territory in the early sea urchin embryo.
2004,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase Takeda,
Apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 (ASK1) induces neuronal differentiation and survival of PC12 cells.
2000,
Pubmed Wang,
Spatial bistability of Dpp-receptor interactions during Drosophila dorsal-ventral patterning.
2005,
Pubmed Wei,
A database of mRNA expression patterns for the sea urchin embryo.
2006,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase Yaguchi,
Sp-Smad2/3 mediates patterning of neurogenic ectoderm by nodal in the sea urchin embryo.
2007,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase Yaguchi,
Specification of ectoderm restricts the size of the animal plate and patterns neurogenesis in sea urchin embryos.
2006,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase Yaguchi,
A Wnt-FoxQ2-nodal pathway links primary and secondary axis specification in sea urchin embryos.
2008,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase Yeo,
Nodal signals to Smads through Cripto-dependent and Cripto-independent mechanisms.
2001,
Pubmed Zimmerman,
The Spemann organizer signal noggin binds and inactivates bone morphogenetic protein 4.
1996,
Pubmed
