Click
here to close Hello! We notice that
you are using Internet Explorer, which is not supported by Echinobase
and may cause the site to display incorrectly. We suggest using a
current version of Chrome,
FireFox,
or Safari.
???displayArticle.abstract???
V(D)J recombination is a somatic gene rearrangement process that assembles antigen receptor genes from individual segments during lymphocyte development. The access of the RAG1/RAG2 recombinase to these gene segments is regulated at the level of chromatin modifications, in particular histone tail modifications. Trimethylation of lysine 4 in histone H3 (H3K4me3) correlates with actively recombining gene elements, and this mark is recognized and interpreted by the plant homeodomain (PHD) of RAG2. Here we report that the PHD domain of the only known invertebrate homolog of RAG2, the SpRAG2L protein of the purple sea urchin (Strongylocentrotus purpuratus) also binds to methylated histones, but with a unique preference for H3K4me2. While the cognate substrate for the sea urchin RAG1L/RAG2L complex remains elusive, the affinity for histone tails and the nuclear localization of ectopically expressed SpRAG2L strongly support the model that this enzyme complex exerts its activity on DNA in the context of chromatin.
Akamatsu,
Distinct roles of RAG1 and RAG2 in binding the V(D)J recombination signal sequences.
1998, Pubmed
Akamatsu,
Distinct roles of RAG1 and RAG2 in binding the V(D)J recombination signal sequences.
1998,
Pubmed
Barski,
High-resolution profiling of histone methylations in the human genome.
2007,
Pubmed
Bassing,
The mechanism and regulation of chromosomal V(D)J recombination.
2002,
Pubmed
Callebaut,
The V(D)J recombination activating protein RAG2 consists of a six-bladed propeller and a PHD fingerlike domain, as revealed by sequence analysis.
1998,
Pubmed
Cuomo,
Analysis of regions of RAG-2 important for V(D)J recombination.
1994,
Pubmed
Difilippantonio,
RAG1 mediates signal sequence recognition and recruitment of RAG2 in V(D)J recombination.
1996,
Pubmed
Dignam,
Preparation of extracts from higher eukaryotes.
1990,
Pubmed
Elkin,
A PHD finger motif in the C terminus of RAG2 modulates recombination activity.
2005,
Pubmed
Fugmann,
The RAG proteins and V(D)J recombination: complexes, ends, and transposition.
2000,
Pubmed
Fugmann,
An ancient evolutionary origin of the Rag1/2 gene locus.
2006,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
Fugmann,
Identification of two catalytic residues in RAG1 that define a single active site within the RAG1/RAG2 protein complex.
2000,
Pubmed
Gellert,
V(D)J recombination: RAG proteins, repair factors, and regulation.
2002,
Pubmed
Goldmit,
Epigenetic ontogeny of the Igk locus during B cell development.
2005,
Pubmed
Grawunder,
How to make ends meet in V(D)J recombination.
2001,
Pubmed
Hesslein,
Factors and forces controlling V(D)J recombination.
2001,
Pubmed
Kapitonov,
RAG1 core and V(D)J recombination signal sequences were derived from Transib transposons.
2005,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
Karagianni,
ICBP90, a novel methyl K9 H3 binding protein linking protein ubiquitination with heterochromatin formation.
2008,
Pubmed
Kim,
Mutations of acidic residues in RAG1 define the active site of the V(D)J recombinase.
1999,
Pubmed
Landree,
Mutational analysis of RAG1 and RAG2 identifies three catalytic amino acids in RAG1 critical for both cleavage steps of V(D)J recombination.
1999,
Pubmed
Latham,
Cross-regulation of histone modifications.
2007,
Pubmed
Lewis,
The mechanism of V(D)J joining: lessons from molecular, immunological, and comparative analyses.
1994,
Pubmed
Lin,
Cell cycle regulation of V(D)J recombination-activating protein RAG-2.
1994,
Pubmed
Lin,
Regulation of V(D)J recombination activator protein RAG-2 by phosphorylation.
1993,
Pubmed
Liu,
A plant homeodomain in RAG-2 that binds Hypermethylated lysine 4 of histone H3 is necessary for efficient antigen-receptor-gene rearrangement.
2007,
Pubmed
Margueron,
The key to development: interpreting the histone code?
2005,
Pubmed
Matthews,
RAG2 PHD finger couples histone H3 lysine 4 trimethylation with V(D)J recombination.
2007,
Pubmed
Mellor,
It takes a PHD to read the histone code.
2006,
Pubmed
Morshead,
Antigen receptor loci poised for V(D)J rearrangement are broadly associated with BRG1 and flanked by peaks of histone H3 dimethylated at lysine 4.
2003,
Pubmed
Ooi,
DNMT3L connects unmethylated lysine 4 of histone H3 to de novo methylation of DNA.
2007,
Pubmed
Perkins,
Histone 3 lysine 4 methylation during the pre-B to immature B-cell transition.
2004,
Pubmed
Radhakrishna,
ADP-ribosylation factor 6 regulates a novel plasma membrane recycling pathway.
1997,
Pubmed
Ramón-Maiques,
The plant homeodomain finger of RAG2 recognizes histone H3 methylated at both lysine-4 and arginine-2.
2007,
Pubmed
Rodgers,
A dimer of the lymphoid protein RAG1 recognizes the recombination signal sequence and the complex stably incorporates the high mobility group protein HMG2.
1999,
Pubmed
Ruthenburg,
Methylation of lysine 4 on histone H3: intricacy of writing and reading a single epigenetic mark.
2007,
Pubmed
Sadofsky,
Definition of a core region of RAG-2 that is functional in V(D)J recombination.
1994,
Pubmed
Shi,
ING2 PHD domain links histone H3 lysine 4 methylation to active gene repression.
2006,
Pubmed
Spanopoulou,
The homeodomain region of Rag-1 reveals the parallel mechanisms of bacterial and V(D)J recombination.
1996,
Pubmed
Swanson,
RAG-2 promotes heptamer occupancy by RAG-1 in the assembly of a V(D)J initiation complex.
1999,
Pubmed
Swanson,
V(D)J recombination signal recognition: distinct, overlapping DNA-protein contacts in complexes containing RAG1 with and without RAG2.
1998,
Pubmed
Taverna,
How chromatin-binding modules interpret histone modifications: lessons from professional pocket pickers.
2007,
Pubmed
