Mol Reprod Dev 1996 Mar 01;433:387-91. doi: 10.1002/(SICI)1098-2795(199603)43:3<387::AID-MRD13>3.0.CO;2-Z.

Propranolol induces polyspermy during sea urchin fertilization.

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Propranolol, a beta-adrenergic receptor blocker, is found to induce polyspermy in sea urchin eggs. Unfertilized sea urchin eggs treated for 10 min with 50 microM of propranolol, and then inseminated, become polyspermic and show a fertilization envelope which is barely visible to the light microscope. Examination of treated eggs by transmission and scanning electron microscopy shows that the drug does not alter the cortex of the unfertilized egg. However, after insemination an incomplete cortical reaction occurs. This might well account for both polyspermy and the defective elevation of the fertilization envelope. Since the effects of the drug are reversed by simultaneous treatment with adrenalin, perhaps propranolol interferes with the monoaminergic system that has been proposed to be active. The involvement of the monoaminergic system in the fertilization process is present in the sea urchin egg.

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Genes referenced: LOC100887844 LOC115926386