Click
here to close Hello! We notice that
you are using Internet Explorer, which is not supported by Echinobase
and may cause the site to display incorrectly. We suggest using a
current version of Chrome,
FireFox,
or Safari.
???displayArticle.abstract???
The activity of the cell cycle control protein p34cdc2 is post-translationally regulated in a variety of cell types. Using anti-phosphotyrosine antibodies, we find that p34cdc2-directed tyrosine kinase activity increases at fertilization in sea urchin eggs, leading to a gradual accumulation of phosphotyrosine on p34 during the early part of the cell cycle. Loss of phosphotyrosine from p34 accompanies entry into mitosis and phosphotyrosine reaccumulates as the embryo enters the next cell cycle. A similar pattern is seen when eggs are parthenogenetically activated with ammonium chloride. Tyrosine phosphorylation and phosphorylation/dephosphorylation cycles are suppressed when embryos are treated with the tyrosine kinase inhibitor genistein. On the other hand, a cycle persists when protein synthesis is inhibited with emetine, indicating that it is independent of the synthesis of another class of cell cycle control proteins, the cyclins. Additional experiments with the phorbol ester, phorbol myristate acetate, demonstrate that activating protein synthesis alone in unfertilized eggs does not result in stimulation of p34cdc2 tyrosine kinase activity. Our results indicate that p34 tyrosine phosphorylation cycles are triggered by the fertilization Cai transient. The first cycle is independent of the fertilization pHi signal, confirming that, in sea urchin embryos, the cycle is not tightly coupled to the cycle of cyclin abundance that is a prominent feature of the eukaryotic cell division cycle.
Akiyama,
Genistein, a specific inhibitor of tyrosine-specific protein kinases.
1987, Pubmed
Akiyama,
Genistein, a specific inhibitor of tyrosine-specific protein kinases.
1987,
Pubmed
Arion,
M-phase-specific protein kinase from mitotic sea urchin eggs: cyclic activation depends on protein synthesis and phosphorylation but does not require DNA or RNA synthesis.
1989,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
Brandriff,
Development and life cycle of the parthenogenetically activated sea urchin embryo.
1975,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
Brizuela,
p13suc1 acts in the fission yeast cell division cycle as a component of the p34cdc2 protein kinase.
1987,
Pubmed
Draetta,
Activation of cdc2 protein kinase during mitosis in human cells: cell cycle-dependent phosphorylation and subunit rearrangement.
1988,
Pubmed
Draetta,
Human cdc2 protein kinase is a major cell-cycle regulated tyrosine kinase substrate.
1989,
Pubmed
Draetta,
Cdc2 protein kinase is complexed with both cyclin A and B: evidence for proteolytic inactivation of MPF.
1989,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
Epel,
An analysis of the partial metabolic derepression of sea urchin eggs by ammonia: the existence of independent pathways.
1974,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
Evans,
Cyclin: a protein specified by maternal mRNA in sea urchin eggs that is destroyed at each cleavage division.
1983,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
Félix,
Triggering of cyclin degradation in interphase extracts of amphibian eggs by cdc2 kinase.
1990,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
Gautier,
Cyclin is a component of maturation-promoting factor from Xenopus.
1990,
Pubmed
Gautier,
Dephosphorylation and activation of Xenopus p34cdc2 protein kinase during the cell cycle.
1989,
Pubmed
Glenney,
Monoclonal antibodies to phosphotyrosine.
1988,
Pubmed
Gould,
Tyrosine phosphorylation of the fission yeast cdc2+ protein kinase regulates entry into mitosis.
1989,
Pubmed
Kamps,
Identification of multiple novel polypeptide substrates of the v-src, v-yes, v-fps, v-ros, and v-erb-B oncogenic tyrosine protein kinases utilizing antisera against phosphotyrosine.
1988,
Pubmed
Labbé,
MPF from starfish oocytes at first meiotic metaphase is a heterodimer containing one molecule of cdc2 and one molecule of cyclin B.
1989,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
Labbé,
An M-phase-specific protein kinase of Xenopus oocytes: partial purification and possible mechanism of its periodic activation.
1988,
Pubmed
Lee,
Complementation used to clone a human homologue of the fission yeast cell cycle control gene cdc2.
1987,
Pubmed
Lee,
Regulated expression and phosphorylation of a possible mammalian cell-cycle control protein.
1988,
Pubmed
Luca,
Control of programmed cyclin destruction in a cell-free system.
1989,
Pubmed
Mazia,
DNA synthesis turned on in unfertilized sea urchin eggs by treatment with NH4OH.
1974,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
Mazia,
Chromosome cycles turned on in unfertilized sea urchin eggs exposed to NH4OH.
1974,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
Meijer,
Cyclic activation of histone H1 kinase during sea urchin egg mitotic divisions.
1988,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
Meijer,
Cyclin B targets p34cdc2 for tyrosine phosphorylation.
1991,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
Meijer,
Cyclin is a component of the sea urchin egg M-phase specific histone H1 kinase.
1989,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
Minshull,
The A- and B-type cyclin associated cdc2 kinases in Xenopus turn on and off at different times in the cell cycle.
1990,
Pubmed
Minshull,
Translation of cyclin mRNA is necessary for extracts of activated xenopus eggs to enter mitosis.
1989,
Pubmed
Morla,
Reversible tyrosine phosphorylation of cdc2: dephosphorylation accompanies activation during entry into mitosis.
1989,
Pubmed
Murray,
Cell biology: the cell cycle as a cdc2 cycle.
1989,
Pubmed
Murray,
Cyclin synthesis drives the early embryonic cell cycle.
1989,
Pubmed
Murray,
The role of cyclin synthesis and degradation in the control of maturation promoting factor activity.
1989,
Pubmed
Nurse,
Universal control mechanism regulating onset of M-phase.
1990,
Pubmed
Paris,
Cloning by differential screening of a Xenopus cDNA coding for a protein highly homologous to cdc2.
1991,
Pubmed
Pondaven,
Activation of M-phase-specific histone H1 kinase by modification of the phosphorylation of its p34cdc2 and cyclin components.
1990,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
Shen,
A synthetic peptide of the pseudosubstrate domain of protein kinase C blocks cytoplasmic alkalinization during activation of the sea urchin egg.
1990,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
Sluder,
Protein synthesis and the cell cycle: centrosome reproduction in sea urchin eggs is not under translational control.
1990,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
Sluder,
Relationship between nuclear DNA synthesis and centrosome reproduction in sea urchin eggs.
1987,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
Solomon,
Cyclin activation of p34cdc2.
1990,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
Swann,
Stimulation of the Na/H exchanger of sea urchin eggs by phorbol ester.
1985,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
Swenson,
The clam embryo protein cyclin A induces entry into M phase and the resumption of meiosis in Xenopus oocytes.
1986,
Pubmed
Whitaker,
Ionic regulation of egg activation.
1982,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
Whitaker,
Calcium and cell cycle control.
1990,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
