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Springerplus
2015 Jan 01;4:315. doi: 10.1186/s40064-015-1059-7.
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Antidiabetic, antioxidant, antihyperlipidemic effect of extract of Euryale ferox salisb. with enhanced histopathology of pancreas, liver and kidney in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats.
Ahmed D
,
Kumar V
,
Verma A
,
Shukla GS
,
Sharma M
.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Ethanolic extract of Euryale ferox salisb. (EFx) may have an effect on the activity of hepatic antioxidant enzymes, glycemic control and lipid profile and histopathology of pancreas, liver and kidney of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic wistar rats.
METHODS: Wistar albino rats were divided into eight groups viz. non-diabetic (normal control), diabetic control (STZ-induced), diabetic treated (infused with different doses of Euryale ferox. Salisb. ethanolic extract) and diabetic conventional treated (treated with Glibenclamide). Diabetes was induced by administering streptozotocin (60 mg/kg body weight) intraperitoneal (i.p). The ethanolic extract was supplemented in different doses through oral route. Biochemical investigations were carried out according to previously reported methods. Histopathological examinations were done accordingly.
RESULTS: The EFx supplemented diabetic rats significantly (p < 0.001) decreased the blood glucose level in a dose dependent manner. Plasma insulin level was significantly increased in EFx treated rats. The hepatic gluconeogenic enzymes activities were restored to normal in EFx treated rats. Activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and reduced glutathione (GSH) were significantly increased (p < 0.001) among EFx treated rats. Lipid profile was reinstated to nearly normal level among EFx treated rats. Histopathological investigations revealed that microscopic architecture of pancreatic, hepatic and renal cells improvised in EFx treated diabetic rats.
CONCLUSION: EFx supplement could improve the glycemic control as well as lipid profile in diabetic rats along with improvised antioxidant enzymes which has beneficial effect in preventing the diabetic complications by scavenging the free radicals in diabetic rats.
Figure 1. Effect of EFx on blood glucose level at different time interval of therapy, Group 1: normal control; Group 2: STZ (60 mg/kg i.p.); Group 3: diabetic control + (EFx) (100 mg/kg body weight); Group 4: diabetic control + (EFx) (200 mg/kg body weight) and continue for 45 days; Group5: diabetic + diabetic control + (EFx) (300 mg/kg body weight) and continue for 45 days; Group 6: diabetic control + (EFx) (400 mg/kg body weight) and continue for 45 days; Group 7: diabetic control + glibenclamide (1 mg/kg body weight) and continue for 45 days.
Figure 2. Effect of EFx on plasma insulin level at different time interval of therapy, Group 1: normal control; Group 2: STZ (60 mg/kg i.p.); Group 3: diabetic control + (EFx) (100 mg/kg body weight); Group 4: diabetic control + (EFx) (200 mg/kg body weight) and continue for 45 days; Group5: diabetic + diabetic control + (EFx) (300 mg/kg body weight) and continue for 45 days; Group 6: diabetic control + (EFx) (400 mg/kg body weight) and continue for 45 days; Group 7: diabetic control + glibenclamide (1 mg/kg body weight) and continue for 45 days.
Figure 3. Effect of EFx on oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) during 120 min (2 h) of therapy, Group 1: normal control; Group 2: STZ (60 mg/kg i.p.); Group 3: diabetic control + (EFx) (100 mg/kg body weight); Group 4: diabetic control + (EFx) (200 mg/kg body weight) and continue for 45 days; Group 5: diabetic + diabetic control + (EFx) (300 mg/kg body weight) and continue for 45 days; Group 6: diabetic control + (EFx) (400 mg/kg body weight) and continue for 45 days; Group 7: diabetic control + glibenclamide (1 mg/kg body weight) and continue for 45 days.
Figure 4. Effect of EFx on body weight variation at different time interval of therapy, Group 1: normal control; Group 2: STZ (60 mg/kg i.p.); Group 3: diabetic control + (EFx) (100 mg/kg body weight); Group 4: diabetic control + (EFx) (200 mg/kg body weight) and continue for 45 days; Group 5: diabetic + diabetic control + (EFx) (300 mg/kg body weight) and continue for 45 days; Group 6: diabetic control + (EFx) (400 mg/kg body weight) and continue for 45 days; Group 7: diabetic control + glibenclamide (1 mg/kg body weight) and continue for 45 days.
Figure 5. Effect of EFx on various hepatic enzymes at the end of therapy, Group 1: normal control; Group 2: STZ (60 mg/kg i.p.); Group 3: diabetic control + (EFx) (100 mg/kg body weight); Group 4: diabetic control + (EFx) (200 mg/kg body weight) and continue for 45 days; Group 5: diabetic + diabetic control + (EFx) (300 mg/kg body weight) and continue for 45 days; Group 6: diabetic control + (EFx) (400 mg/kg body weight) and continue for 45 days; Group 7: diabetic control + glibenclamide (1 mg/kg body weight) and continue for 45 days.
Figure 6. Effect of EFx on lipid profiles at the end of therapy, Group 1: normal control; Group 2: STZ (60 mg/kg i.p.); Group 3: diabetic control + (EFx) (100 mg/kg body weight); Group 4: diabetic control + (EFx) (200 mg/kg body weight) and continue for 45 days; Group 5: diabetic + diabetic control + (EFx) (300 mg/kg body weight) and continue for 45 days; Group 6: diabetic control + (EFx) (400 mg/kg body weight) and continue for 45 days; Group 7: diabetic control + glibenclamide (1 mg/kg body weight) and continue for 45 days.
Figure 7. Effect of EFx on various antioxidant marker enzymes at the end of therapy, Group 1: normal control; Group 2: STZ (60 mg/kg i.p.); Group 3: diabetic control + (EFx) (100 mg/kg body weight); Group 4: diabetic control + (EFx) (200 mg/kg body weight) and continue for 45 days; Group5: diabetic + diabetic control + (EFx) (300 mg/kg body weight) and continue for 45 days; Group 6: diabetic control + (EFx) (400 mg/kg body weight) and continue for 45 days; Group 7: diabetic control + glibenclamide (1 mg/kg body weight) and continue for 45 days.
Figure 8. Effect of Euryale ferox salisb seeds extract (EFx) on histological profile of liver in normal, STZ-induced diabetic untreated and STZ-induced diabetic treated wistar rats (original magnification ×40, DXIT 1200, Nikon, Japan). (1) NLIV: heamatoxylin and eosin (H/E) stained sections of liver of normal control rats showing normal portal triad along with normal hepatocytes with central vein (yellow arrows). (2) LSTZ: liver section of rats received streptozotocin depicting destructed portal trial, disarranged hepatocytes and central vein (red arrows). (3) LEFx100: section of liver supplemented with 100 mg/kg body weight of EFx portraying improvement in structure of portal triad (green arrows). (4) LEFx200: liver section of rats received 200 mg/kg body weight of EFx showing arranged hepatocytes (green arrows). (5) LEFx300: section of liver or diabetic rats treated with 300 mg/kg body weight. of EFx depicting arranged central vein (yellow arrows). (6) LEFx400: liver of diabetic rat showing normal portal traid, central vein and hepatocytes (green arrows). (7) LGLIM: liver section of rat administered with Glibenclamide showing normal microvasculature along with normal hepatocytes (dark yellow arrows).
Figure 9. Effect of Euryale ferox salisb seeds extract (EFx) on histological profile of pancreas in normal, STZ-induced diabetic untreated and STZ-induced diabetic treated wistar rats (original magnification ×10, DXIT 1200, Nikon, Japan). (1) NPAN: heamatoxylin and eosin (H/E) stained sections of pancreas of normal control rat portraying normal islet of langerhans shown by yellow arrows. (2) PSTZ: pancreatic section of streptozotocin induced diabetic rat showing no/destroyed islet of langerhans and beta cells depicted by red arrows. (3) PEFx-100: pancreatic section of STZ-induced diabetic rats treated with EFx at 100 mg/kg body weight showing small number of islet of langerhans (green arrows). (4) PEFx-200: section of pancreas of STZ-induced diabetic rats treated with EFx at 200 mg/kg body weight portraying increased number of islet of langerhans with small proportions of beta cells (green arrows). (5) PEFx-300: pancreas of diabetic rats treated with 300 mg/kg body weight. EFx depicting nearly normal islet of langerhans (green arrows). (6) PEFx-400: sections of pancreas of diabetic treated rats with 400 mg/kg body weight. EFx showing normal islet of langerhans with numerous beta cells (green arrows). (7) PGLIM: pancreatic section of diabetic rats treated with Glibenclamide showing normal pancreatic islet of langerhans with enhancement in the number of beta cells (dark yellow arrow).
Figure 10. Effect of Euryale ferox salisb seeds extract (EFx on histological profile of kidney in normal, STZ-induced diabetic untreated and STZ-induced diabetic treated wistar rats (original magnification ×40, DXIT 1200, Nikon, Japan). (1) NKID: heamatoxylin and eosin (H/E) stained sections of kidney of normal control rats showing normal glomeruli with normal baseline and tubules (yellow arrow). (2) KSTZ: section of kidney of STZ-induced diabetic rats depicting destroyed glomeruli with fat deposition on baseline along with infiltration of lymphocytes (red arrows). (3) KEFx100: kidney section of diabetic rats treated with EFx at dose of 100 mg/kg body weight portraying improved vasculature and glomeruli (green arrows). (4) KEFx200: section of kidney of diabetic rats treated with 200 mg/kg body weight of EFx showing normal tubules along with virtually improved structure of glomeruli (green arrows). (5) KEFx300: kidney section of diabetic treated rats with 300 mg/kg body weight of EFx depicting nearly normal glomeruli (green arrows). (6) KEFx400: section of kidney of diabetic rat received 400 mg/kg body weight of EFx showing normal glomeruli with no infiltration of lymphocytes (green arrows). (7) KGLIM: section of kidney of the rat supplemented with Glibenclamide showing normal glomeruli with improved structure of tubules (dark yellow arrows).
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