Ontogenez 1988 Jan 01;192:175-80.

[Embryonic development of the sea urchin after low-temperature preservation].

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The sea urchin embryos were cooled to -196 degrees by two-step freezing with the use of 1-1.5 M dimethyl sulfoxide as a cryoprotectant. The embryos were equilibrated with the cryoprotectant for 20-30 min at 0 +/- 2 degrees. At -7 degrees ice crystallization was induced and the embryos were cooled to -38-42 degrees at a rate of 6-8 degrees /min. The embryos were then transferred into liquid nitrogen. The embryos were thawed in a water bath at 19 degrees. No less than 90% of the embryos frozen at the stages of blastula, gastrula, or pluteus were capable of recovery and normal development. The length of cryopreservation did not affect the survival of the embryos.

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Genes referenced: LOC100887844