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ECB-ART-47619
J Org Chem 2002 Mar 08;675:1689-91. doi: 10.1021/jo016034m.
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Squaric acid ester-based total synthesis of echinochrome A.

Peña-Cabrera E , Liebeskind LS .


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The total synthesis of echinochrome A is described. Both key intermediates 5 and 8 were efficiently prepared from diisopropyl squarate 7. Nucleophilic addition of aryllithium 8 to 5, followed by thermal ring-expansion/cyclization of the 1,2-adduct 4, furnished hydroquinone 3. Oxidation and full deprotection of 3 gave the title compound.

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