Click
here to close Hello! We notice that
you are using Internet Explorer, which is not supported by Echinobase
and may cause the site to display incorrectly. We suggest using a
current version of Chrome,
FireFox,
or Safari.
Lipids Health Dis
2010 Mar 09;9:25. doi: 10.1186/1476-511X-9-25.
Show Gene links
Show Anatomy links
Dietary saponins of sea cucumber alleviate orotic acid-induced fatty liver in rats via PPARalpha and SREBP-1c signaling.
Hu XQ
,
Wang YM
,
Wang JF
,
Xue Y
,
Li ZJ
,
Nagao K
,
Yanagita T
,
Xue CH
.
???displayArticle.abstract???
BACKGROUND: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is the most common chronic liver disease in the world, and is becoming increasingly prevalent. Saponins of sea cucumber (SSC) are proven to exhibit various biological activities. Therefore, the present study was undertaken to examine the effect of saponins extracted from sea cucumber (Pearsonothuria graeffei) on the preventive activity of fatty liver in rats.
METHODS: Male Wistar rats were randomly divided into five groups, including normal control group, fatty liver model group, SSC-treated group with SSC at levels of 0.01%, 0.03% and 0.05%. Model rats were established by administration with 1% orotic acid (OA). After the experiment period, serum total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), and hepatic lipid concentrations were determined. To search for a possible mechanism, we examined the changes of key enzymes and transcriptional factors involved in hepatic lipids biosynthesis, fatty acid beta-oxidation.
RESULTS: Both 0.03% and 0.05% SSC treatment alleviated hepatic steatosis and reduced serum TG and TC concentration significantly in OA fed rats. Hepatic lipogenic enzymes, such as fatty acid synthase (FAS), malic enzyme (ME), and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) activities were inhibited by SSC treatment. SSC also decreased the gene expression of FAS, ME, G6PDH and sterol-regulatory element binding protein (SREBP-1c). Otherwise, the rats feeding with SSC showed increased carnitine palmitoyl transferase (CPT) activity in the liver. Hepatic peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPARalpha), together with its target gene CPT and acyl-CoA oxidase (ACO) mRNA expression were also upregulated by SSC.
CONCLUSIONS: According to our study, the lipids-lowering effect of dietary SSC may be partly associated with the enhancement of beta-oxidation via PPARalpha activation. In addition, the inhibited SREBP-1c- mediated lipogenesis caused by SSC may also contribute to alleviating fatty liver.
Figure 3. Effects of SSC on hepatic mRNA expression of lipogenic genes in rats. The expression of hepatic SREBP-1C, FAS, ME and G6PDH in rats fed Con or OA diet or the diet with OA+0.05% SSC for 10 d. Data were given as mean ± standard error of the mean of seven rats. # P < 0.05, ## P < 0.01 different from the control group; * P < 0.05, **P < 0.05 different from the OA-fed group.
Adams,
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.
2005,
Pubmed
Ahmed,
Modulation of sterol regulatory element binding proteins (SREBPs) as potential treatments for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).
2007,
Pubmed
Angulo,
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.
2002,
Pubmed
BARTLETT,
Phosphorus assay in column chromatography.
1959,
Pubmed
Bacon,
Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis: an expanded clinical entity.
1994,
Pubmed
Braissant,
Differential expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs): tissue distribution of PPAR-alpha, -beta, and -gamma in the adult rat.
1996,
Pubmed
Buang,
Dietary phosphatidylcholine alleviates fatty liver induced by orotic acid.
2005,
Pubmed
CREASEY,
Fatty livers induced by orotic acid. I. Accumulation and metabolism of lipids.
1961,
Pubmed
Cha,
Association between hepatic triacylglycerol accumulation induced by administering orotic acid and enhanced phosphatidate phosphohydrolase activity in rats.
1998,
Pubmed
Diehl,
Alcohollike liver disease in nonalcoholics. A clinical and histologic comparison with alcohol-induced liver injury.
1988,
Pubmed
Eriksson,
Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis in obesity: a reversible condition.
1986,
Pubmed
FOLCH,
A simple method for the isolation and purification of total lipides from animal tissues.
1957,
Pubmed
Farrell,
Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis: what is it, and why is it important in the Asia-Pacific region?
2003,
Pubmed
Fukuwatari,
Effects of fatty liver induced by niacin-free diet with orotic acid on the metabolism of tryptophan to niacin in rats.
2002,
Pubmed
GLOCK,
Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity of rat liver.
1952,
Pubmed
Han,
Anti-obesity effects in rodents of dietary teasaponin, a lipase inhibitor.
2001,
Pubmed
Horton,
SREBPs: activators of the complete program of cholesterol and fatty acid synthesis in the liver.
2002,
Pubmed
Huang,
Salacia oblonga root improves cardiac lipid metabolism in Zucker diabetic fatty rats: modulation of cardiac PPAR-alpha-mediated transcription of fatty acid metabolic genes.
2006,
Pubmed
Ikeda,
Effects of dietary alpha-linolenic, eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids on hepatic lipogenesis and beta-oxidation in rats.
1998,
Pubmed
Kalinin,
System-theoretical (Holistic) approach to the modelling of structural-functional relationships of biomolecules and their evolution: an example of triterpene glycosides from sea cucumbers (Echinodermata, holothurioidea).
2000,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
Karu,
Weight gain reduction in mice fed Panax ginseng saponin, a pancreatic lipase inhibitor.
2007,
Pubmed
Kim,
Comparison of the antiobesity effects of the protopanaxadiol- and protopanaxatriol-type saponins of red ginseng.
2009,
Pubmed
LOWRY,
Protein measurement with the Folin phenol reagent.
1951,
Pubmed
Lefebvre,
Sorting out the roles of PPAR alpha in energy metabolism and vascular homeostasis.
2006,
Pubmed
Liu,
Hypolipidemic effect of glycosaminoglycans from the sea cucumber Metriatyla scabra in rats fed a cholesterol-supplemented diet.
2002,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
Mandard,
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha target genes.
2004,
Pubmed
Marchesini,
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a feature of the metabolic syndrome.
2001,
Pubmed
Matsuzaka,
Insulin-independent induction of sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c expression in the livers of streptozotocin-treated mice.
2004,
Pubmed
Miyazawa,
Reduction of beta-oxidation capacity of rat liver mitochondria by feeding orotic acid.
1982,
Pubmed
Nagai,
Amelioration of high fructose-induced metabolic derangements by activation of PPARalpha.
2002,
Pubmed
OCHOA,
Biosynthesis of dicarboxylic acids by carbon dioxide fixation; isolation and properties of an enzyme from pigeon liver catalyzing the reversible oxidative decarboxylation of 1-malic acid.
1948,
Pubmed
Osborne,
Sterol regulatory element-binding proteins (SREBPs): key regulators of nutritional homeostasis and insulin action.
2000,
Pubmed
Rao,
Peroxisomal beta-oxidation and steatohepatitis.
2001,
Pubmed
Reddy,
Peroxisomal beta-oxidation and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha: an adaptive metabolic system.
2001,
Pubmed
Rutledge,
Fructose and the metabolic syndrome: pathophysiology and molecular mechanisms.
2007,
Pubmed
Shrestha,
Dietary green tea extract lowers plasma and hepatic triglycerides and decreases the expression of sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c mRNA and its responsive genes in fructose-fed, ovariectomized rats.
2009,
Pubmed
Tian,
PE, a new sulfated saponin from sea cucumber, exhibits anti-angiogenic and anti-tumor activities in vitro and in vivo.
2005,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
Wanless,
Fatty liver hepatitis (steatohepatitis) and obesity: an autopsy study with analysis of risk factors.
1990,
Pubmed
Zhao,
Hypocholesterolemic and anti-obesity effects of saponins from Platycodon grandiflorum in hamsters fed atherogenic diets.
2008,
Pubmed
Zou,
Intercedensides A-C, three new cytotoxic triterpene glycosides from the sea cucumber Mensamaria intercedens Lampert.
2003,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
