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Biology (Basel)
2022 Mar 24;114:. doi: 10.3390/biology11040503.
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Digestive Enzyme Activities and Gut Emptying Are Correlated with the Reciprocal Regulation of TRPA1 Ion Channel and Serotonin in the Gut of the Sea Urchin Strongylocentrotus intermedius.
Ding J
,
Wang H
,
Li Z
,
Sun J
,
Ding P
,
Chi X
,
Yang M
,
Chang Y
,
Zhao C
.
Abstract
The energetic link in the benthic community is based on physiological characteristics of the low food absorption efficiency of sea urchins. Low food absorption efficiency of sea urchins is correlated with the activity of digestive enzymes and the duration of food in their gut. Thus, the digestive enzymes activities (pepsin and amylase enzyme activities) and gut emptying are important indicators in assessing nutrient digestion and absorption in sea urchins. In the present study, the relationship between these indicators and molecules related to digestive physiology were quantified in sea urchins. We found (1) an inter-regulatory relationship existed between Transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily A, member 1 (TRPA1), and serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine; 5-HT) in the gut of Strongylocentrotus intermedius; (2) digestive enzyme activities were negatively correlated with the TRPA1 and concentration of 5-HT in the gut of S. intermedius; (3) gut emptying rate was positively correlated with TRPA1 and concentration of 5-HT in the gut of S. intermedius. The present study revealed that the digestion and absorption of food are correlated with the TRPA1 and 5-HT in the gut of S. intermedius, which provides valuable information about the digestive physiology of sea urchins. This novel finding is relevant to understanding the low food digestibility of sea urchins. It also provides valuable information to the digestive physiology of sea urchins, which are key to maintaining the stability of food webs in the marine ecosystem.
41506177 National Natural Science Foundation of China, for Chong Zhao a grant for innovative talents in universities in Liaoning Province, for Yaqing Chang Chinese Outstanding Talents in Agricultural Sciences, FREU2020-02 Fund of Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation & Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, P. R. China
Figure 1. Diagram of the feces collection in each temperature-controlled tank.
Figure 2. (A) TRPA1 expression in the gut of Strongylocentrotus intermedius after the HC-030031 injection (n = 5). (B) The 5-HT level in the gut of S. intermedius after the 5-HT injection. The symbol *** means p < 0.001 (n = 5, mean ± s.e.m.).
Figure 3. TRPA1 is involved in food digestion of Strongylocentrotus intermedius. (A) The expression of TRPA1 in the gut of S. intermedius (n = 30). (B) TRPA1 expression of groups L and H (n = 5). (C,D) The activities of pepsin and amylase in the gut of the groups L and H (n = 5). The symbols ** and *** mean p < 0.01 and p < 0.001, respectively (mean ± s.e.m.).
Figure 4. An inter-regulatory relationship between TRPA1 and 5-HT in the gut of Strongylocentrotus intermedius. (A) The 5-HT level in the gut of groups L and H (n = 5). (B) TRPA1 expression after the 5-HT injection (n = 5). (C) The 5-HT level after the HC-030031 injection (n = 5). The symbol *** means p < 0.001, (mean ± s.e.m.).
Figure 5. Digestive enzyme activities are negatively correlated with the reciprocal regulation of TRPA1 and 5-HT in the gut of Strongylocentrotus intermedius. (A) The activities of pepsin and amylase of the control, DMSO, and HC-030031 groups (n = 5). (B) The activities of pepsin and amylase of the control, marine saline, and 5-HT groups (n = 5). (C) The activities of pepsin and amylase of control, DMSO + marine saline, and HC-030031 + 5-HT groups (n = 5). The symbol *** means p < 0.001 (mean ± s.e.m.).
Figure 6. Gut emptying is positively correlated with the reciprocal regulation of TRPA1 and 5-HT in the gut of Strongylocentrotus intermedius. (A) Dry weight of the 48-h accumulated feces of the control, DMSO, and HC-030031 groups (n = 5). (B) Dry weight of the 48-h accumulated feces of the control, marine saline, and 5-HT groups (n = 5). (C) The dry weight of the 48-h accumulated feces of the control, DMSO + marine saline, and HC-030031 + 5-HT groups (n = 5). The symbols ** and *** mean p < 0.01 and p < 0.001, respectively (mean ± s.e.m.).
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