Click
here to close Hello! We notice that
you are using Internet Explorer, which is not supported by Echinobase
and may cause the site to display incorrectly. We suggest using a
current version of Chrome,
FireFox,
or Safari.
PLoS One
2012 Jan 01;72:e31750. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0031750.
Show Gene links
Show Anatomy links
Defensome against toxic diatom aldehydes in the sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus.
Marrone V
,
Piscopo M
,
Romano G
,
Ianora A
,
Palumbo A
,
Costantini M
.
???displayArticle.abstract???
Many diatom species produce polyunsaturated aldehydes, such as decadienal, which compromise embryonic and larval development in benthic organisms. Here newly fertilized Paracentrotus lividus sea urchins were exposed to low concentration of decadienal and the expression levels of sixteen genes, implicated in a broad range of functional responses, were followed by Real Time qPCR in order to identify potential decadienal targets. We show that at low decadienal concentrations the sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus places in motion different classes of genes to defend itself against this toxic aldehyde, activating hsp60 and two proteases, hat and BP10, at the blastula stage and hsp56 and several other genes (14-3-3ε, p38 MAPK, MTase, and GS) at the prism stage. At this latter stage all genes involved in skeletogenesis (Nec, uni, SM50 and SM30) were also down-expressed, following developmental abnormalities that mainly affected skeleton morphogenesis. Moreover, sea urchin embryos treated with increasing concentrations of decadienal revealed a dose-dependent response of activated target genes. Finally, we suggest that this orchestrated defense system against decadienal represents part of the chemical defensome of P. lividus affording protection from environmental toxicants.
???displayArticle.pubmedLink???
22363721
???displayArticle.pmcLink???PMC3282763 ???displayArticle.link???PLoS One
Figure 1. Gene activation in response to a low concentrations of decadienal.Histogram shows the differences in expression levels of analyzed stress genes, followed by Real Time qPCR. Embryos incubated with decadienal 0.25 µg/ml were collected at 5, 9, 24 and 48 hpf. Data are reported as a fold difference compared to control (mean ± SD), embryos in sea water without decadienal. Fold differences greater than ±2 (see dotted horizontal guidelines at values of 2 and −2) were considered significant. (For more details on genes see also Table 1 and Table S1; see also Materials and Methods for Real Time qPCR).
Figure 2. Dose-dependence effects of decadienal on gene expression.Histograms show decadienal dose-dependent variations in expression levels. Samples incubated with increasing decadienal concentrations (0.15, 0.20, 0.25, 0.30, 0.35 µg/ml) were collected at different times of development. A) decadienal dose-dependent overexpression for hsp70, hsp60, hat and BP10 genes at 9 hpf; B) overexpression of hsp56 and 14-3-3ε and dow-expression of skeletogenic genes sox9 and SM30 at 24 hpf; C) down-expression of SM50 at 48 hpf. (For more details see Legend to Figure 1).
Figure 3. Dose-dependence effects of decadienal on sea urchin morphogenesis.(A) Control (embryos in sea water without decadienal), length 364.3 µm. (B) decadienal 0.15 µg/ml, length 317.6 µm, (C) decadienal 0.20 µg/ml, length 288.3 µm, (D) decadienal 0.25 µg/ml, length 261.6 µm, (E) 0.30 µg/ml, length 260.3 µm, (F) decadienal 0.35 µg/ml, length 253.6 µm. The images were taken at 48 hpf.
Aluigi,
Dose-dependent effects of chlorpyriphos, an organophosphate pesticide, on metamorphosis of the sea urchin, Paracentrotus lividus.
2010, Pubmed,
Echinobase
Aluigi,
Dose-dependent effects of chlorpyriphos, an organophosphate pesticide, on metamorphosis of the sea urchin, Paracentrotus lividus.
2010,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
Bauman,
Production of metallothionein and heat-shock proteins in response to metals.
1993,
Pubmed
Bonaventura,
Stress response gene activation protects sea urchin embryos exposed to X-rays.
2011,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
Bonaventura,
UVB radiation prevents skeleton growth and stimulates the expression of stress markers in sea urchin embryos.
2005,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
Cai,
Overexpressed glutamine synthetase gene modifies nitrogen metabolism and abiotic stress responses in rice.
2009,
Pubmed
Caldwell,
The influence of bioactive oxylipins from marine diatoms on invertebrate reproduction and development.
2009,
Pubmed
Campos,
Oxidative stress modulates DNA methylation during melanocyte anchorage blockade associated with malignant transformation.
2007,
Pubmed
Costa,
Phylogenetic analysis and homology modelling of Paracentrotus lividus nectin.
2010,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
Cruz-Rodríguez,
Heat-shock protein (HSP70) response in the eastern oyster, Crassostrea virginica, exposed to PAHs sorbed to suspended artificial clay particles and to suspended field contaminated sediments.
2002,
Pubmed
Diller,
Stress protein expression kinetics.
2006,
Pubmed
Duboc,
Left-right asymmetry in the sea urchin embryo is regulated by nodal signaling on the right side.
2005,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
Dupont,
Impact of near-future ocean acidification on echinoderms.
2010,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
Fernandez-Guerra,
The genomic repertoire for cell cycle control and DNA metabolism in S. purpuratus.
2006,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
Garaventa,
Swimming speed alteration of Artemia sp. and Brachionus plicatilis as a sub-lethal behavioural end-point for ecotoxicological surveys.
2010,
Pubmed
Geraci,
Nickel, lead, and cadmium induce differential cellular responses in sea urchin embryos by activating the synthesis of different HSP70s.
2004,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
Goldstone,
The chemical defensome: environmental sensing and response genes in the Strongylocentrotus purpuratus genome.
2006,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
Gupta,
Heat shock proteins in toxicology: how close and how far?
2010,
Pubmed
Hallare,
Developmental toxicity and stress protein responses in zebrafish embryos after exposure to diclofenac and its solvent, DMSO.
2004,
Pubmed
Horiguchi,
Establishment of a polyclonal antibody against the retinoid X receptor of the rock shell Thais clavigera and its application to rock shell tissues for imposex research.
2010,
Pubmed
Ianora,
Toxigenic effects of diatoms on grazers, phytoplankton and other microbes: a review.
2010,
Pubmed
Kiyomoto,
Distinct embryotoxic effects of lithium appeared in a new assessment model of the sea urchin: the whole embryo assay and the blastomere culture assay.
2010,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
Kobayashi,
Effects of heavy metals on sea urchin embryo development. Part 2. Interactive toxic effects of heavy metals in synthetic mine effluents.
2005,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
Kodama,
Impaired megabenthic community structure caused by summer hypoxia in a eutrophic coastal bay.
2010,
Pubmed
Kültz,
Molecular and evolutionary basis of the cellular stress response.
2005,
Pubmed
Lepage,
Spatial expression of the hatching enzyme gene in the sea urchin embryo.
1992,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
Lhomond,
Structure of the gene encoding the sea urchin blastula protease 10 (BP10), a member of the astacin family of Zn2+-metalloproteases.
1996,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
Matranga,
Cellular and biochemical responses to environmental and experimentally induced stress in sea urchin coelomocytes.
2000,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
Matranga,
Embryonic development and skeletogenic gene expression affected by X-rays in the Mediterranean sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus.
2010,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
Nemer,
Polyubiquitin RNA characteristics and conditional induction in sea urchin embryos.
1991,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
Palotai,
Chaperones as integrators of cellular networks: changes of cellular integrity in stress and diseases.
2008,
Pubmed
Pfaffl,
Relative expression software tool (REST) for group-wise comparison and statistical analysis of relative expression results in real-time PCR.
2002,
Pubmed
Pfaffl,
A new mathematical model for relative quantification in real-time RT-PCR.
2001,
Pubmed
Pinsino,
Sea urchin coelomocytes as a novel cellular biosensor of environmental stress: a field study in the Tremiti Island Marine Protected Area, Southern Adriatic Sea, Italy.
2008,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
Pinsino,
Sea urchin embryos as an in vivo model for the assessment of manganese toxicity: developmental and stress response effects.
2010,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
Pinsino,
Manganese interferes with calcium, perturbs ERK signaling, and produces embryos with no skeleton.
2011,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
Ribalet,
Growth inhibition of cultured marine phytoplankton by toxic algal-derived polyunsaturated aldehydes.
2007,
Pubmed
Roccheri,
Localization of mitochondrial Hsp56 chaperonin during sea urchin development.
2001,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
Roccheri,
Cadmium induces the expression of specific stress proteins in sea urchin embryos.
2004,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
Romano,
Teratogenic effects of diatom metabolites on sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus embryos.
2010,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
Romano,
Nitric oxide mediates the stress response induced by diatom aldehydes in the sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus.
2011,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
Romanucci,
Heat shock proteins in animal neoplasms and human tumours--a comparison.
2008,
Pubmed
Russo,
Stress to cadmium monitored by metallothionein gene induction in Paracentrotus lividus embryos.
2003,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
Russo,
Transcriptional increase and misexpression of 14-3-3 epsilon in sea urchin embryos exposed to UV-B.
2010,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
Sanders,
Stress proteins in aquatic organisms: an environmental perspective.
1993,
Pubmed
Sugni,
Chemical fate and biological effects of several endocrine disrupters compounds in two echinoderm species.
2010,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
Teixeira,
Salt stress affects glutamine synthetase activity and mRNA accumulation on potato plants in an organ-dependent manner.
2009,
Pubmed
Tominaga,
Isolation and characterization of a cDNA encoding a heat shock protein 70 from a sterile mutant of Ulva pertusa (Ulvales, Chlorophyta).
2010,
Pubmed
Zito,
Expression of univin, a TGF-beta growth factor, requires ectoderm-ECM interaction and promotes skeletal growth in the sea urchin embryo.
2003,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
da Silva,
Overexpression and mechanistic characterization of blastula protease 10, a metalloprotease involved in sea urchin embryogenesis and development.
2006,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
