J Appl Microbiol 2019 Apr 01;1264:1023-1031. doi: 10.1111/jam.14184.

New insights into the haemo- and coelo-microbiota with antimicrobial activities from Echinodermata and Mollusca.

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AIMS: The aim of this study was to investigate the diversity of bacteria with antimicrobial activity present in the coelomic fluid and haemolymph of wild and healthy echinodermata and mollusca. METHODS AND RESULTS: Collection expeditions of healthy marine molluscs and echinoderms were conducted in the Glenan archipelago in spring 2014. Members of the culturable microbiota present in the haemolymph, (haemo-microbiota) of Haliotis tuberculata (gastropoda, abalone) and Mytilus edulis (bivalvia, mussel), as well as in the coelomic fluid (coelo-microbiota) of Echinus esculentus (echinoidea, sea urchin) and Holothuria forskali (Holothuroidea, holothurian) were screened for antimicrobial activity, and further identified using 16S rRNA sequencing. Except for E. esculentus, culturable bacteria in the internal fluids of all studied organisms (mussel, abalone and holothurian) were more abundant than in seawater. The haemo- and coelo-microbiota with antimicrobial activity differed significantly between host species, in terms of abundance and diversity. Indeed, higher numbers were isolated from mussel than from abalone haemolymph. Moreover, in mussels and holothurians, bacteria with antimicrobial activities were predominantly Vibrio spp. (respectively 55 and 45%), while Pseudoalteromonas spp. were the most abundant (50%) in abalone haemolymph. Nevertheless, the activity spectra of these bacteria mainly included marine pathogens affiliated to the Vibrio genus. CONCLUSION: The haemo- and coelo-microbiota with antimicrobial activities were significantly related to their host species and differed in terms of abundance and diversity. These bacteria may play a key role in host homeostasis against pathogens. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: This study brings new knowledge on the diversity of bacteria present in the internal fluids of two marine molluscs and two echinoderms and their antimicrobial activities towards marine pathogens.

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Genes referenced: impact LOC100887844