Li B et al. (2021), Continuously Reinforced Carbon Nanotube Film Se...

ECB-ART-50585

Nanomaterials (Basel) 2021 Dec 21;121:. doi: 10.3390/nano12010008.

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Continuously Reinforced Carbon Nanotube Film Sea-Cucumber-like Polyaniline Nanocomposites for Flexible Self-Supporting Energy-Storage Electrode Materials.

Li B , Liu S , Yang H , Xu X , Zhou Y , Yang R , Zhang Y , Li J .

Abstract
The charge storage mechanism and capacity of supercapacitors completely depend on the electrochemical and mechanical properties of electrode materials. Herein, continuously reinforced carbon nanotube film (CNTF), as the flexible support layer and the conductive skeleton, was prepared via the floating catalytic chemical vapor deposition (FCCVD) method. Furthermore, a series of novel flexible self-supporting CNTF/polyaniline (PANI) nanocomposite electrode materials were prepared by cyclic voltammetry electrochemical polymerization (CVEP), with aniline and mixed-acid-treated CNTF film. By controlling the different polymerization cycles, it was found that the growth model, morphology, apparent color, and loading amount of the PANI on the CNTF surface were different. The CNTF/PANI-15C composite electrode, prepared by 15 cycles of electrochemical polymerization, has a unique surface, with a "sea-cucumber-like" 3D nanoprotrusion structure and microporous channels formed via the stacking of the PANI nanowires. A CNTF/PANI-15C flexible electrode exhibited the highest specific capacitance, 903.6 F/g, and the highest energy density, 45.2 Wh/kg, at the current density of 1 A/g and the voltage window of 0 to 0.6 V. It could maintain 73.9% of the initial value at a high current density of 10 A/g. The excellent electrochemical cycle and structural stabilities were confirmed on the condition of the higher capacitance retention of 95.1% after 2000 cycles of galvanostatic charge/discharge, and on the almost unchanged electrochemical performances after 500 cycles of bending. The tensile strength of the composite electrode was 124.5 MPa, and the elongation at break was 18.9%.

PubMed ID: 35009957
PMC ID: PMC8746542
Article link: Nanomaterials (Basel)
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References [+] :

Cao, Ferroferric oxide/multiwalled carbon nanotube vs polyaniline/ferroferric oxide/multiwalled carbon nanotube multiheterostructures for highly effective microwave absorption. 2012, Pubmed

	Figure 1. (A) Cyclic voltammogram of electrochemical synthesis of the CNTF/PANI-5C sample; (B) CNTF/PANI-10C sample; and (C) CNTF/PANI-15C sample.
	Figure 2. (A,B) FESEM images of the acidified CNTF; (C,D) CNTF/PANI-1C nanocomposites; (E,F) CNTF/PANI-3C nanocomposites; (G,H) CNTF/PANI-5C nanocomposites; (I,J) CNTF/PANI-10C nanocomposites; and (K,L) CNTF/PANI-15C nanocomposites.
	Figure 3. Schematic illustration of the formation processes of PANI on the surface of the CNTF (“C” denotes cycles).
	Figure 4. (A) TEM images of the acidified CNTF; (B) CNTF/PANI-5C; (C) CNTF/PANI-10C; and (D) CNTF/PANI-15C samples.
	Figure 5. (A) FTIR spectra of acidified CNTF, CNTF/PANI-1C nanocomposites, CNTF/PANI-3C nanocomposites, CNTF/PANI-5C nanocomposites, CNTF/PANI-10C nanocomposites, and CNTF/PANI-15C nanocomposites; (B) XRDs of pure CNTF, acidified CNTF, CNTF/PANI-1C nanocomposites, CNTF/PANI-3C nanocomposites, CNTF/PANI-5C nanocomposites, CNTF/PANI-10C nanocomposites, and CNTF/PANI-15C nanocomposites.
	Figure 6. (A) X-ray photoelectron spectra of acidified CNTF and CNTF/PANI nanocomposites; (B) C 1s spectrum; and (C) N 1s spectrum of CNTF/PANI-15C nanocomposites.
	Figure 7. Stress–strain curves of the acidified CNTF, CNTF/PANI−5C, CNTF/PANI-10C, and CNTF/PANI-15C nanocomposites.
	Figure 8. (A) CV curves of pure CNTF, acidified CNTF, and CNTF/PANI nanocomposites, measured at a scan rate of 10 mV/s in 1.0-M H2SO4 solution; and (B) CV curves of CNTF/PANI-15C nanocomposites, measured at various scan rates in 1.0-M H2SO4 solution.
	Figure 9. (A) GCD curves of pure CNTF, acidified CNTF, and CNTF/PANI nanocomposite electrodes at a current density of 1 A/g in 1.0-M H2SO4 solution; (B) CNTF/PANI-15C at different current densities (1, 2, 5, and 10 A/g); (C) The specific capacitances of CNTF/PANI nanocomposites at different current densities; (D) Nyquist plots for the CNTF/PANI-5C, CNTF/PANI-10C, and CNTF/PANI-15C nanocomposite electrodes, and the CNTF/PANI-15C nanocomposite electrode, after 2000 cycles of GCD. Inset shows the equivalent circuit for the EIS diagram and the high-frequency region.
	Figure 10. (A) The cycling performance of CNTF/PANI-5C, CNTF/PANI-10C and CNTF/PANI-15C nanocomposite electrodes at a current density of 1 A/g in 1.0-M H2SO4 solution; (B) Image of CNTF/PANI-15C nanocomposite electrodes bent to 180°; (C) CV curves of CNTF/PANI-15C electrode after different bending cycles; (D) GCD curves of CNTF/PANI-15C electrode after different bending cycles.