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PLoS One
2012 Jan 01;78:e43499. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0043499.
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Phylogeography of the crown-of-thorns starfish in the Indian Ocean.
Vogler C
,
Benzie J
,
Barber PH
,
Erdmann MV
,
Ambariyanto
,
Sheppard C
,
Tenggardjaja K
,
Gérard K
,
Wörheide G
.
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BACKGROUND: Understanding the limits and population dynamics of closely related sibling species in the marine realm is particularly relevant in organisms that require management. The crown-of-thorns starfish Acanthaster planci, recently shown to be a species complex of at least four closely related species, is a coral predator infamous for its outbreaks that have devastated reefs throughout much of its Indo-Pacific distribution.
METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: In this first Indian Ocean-wide genetic study of a marine organism we investigated the genetic structure and inferred the paleohistory of the two Indian Ocean sister-species of Acanthaster planci using mitochondrial DNA sequence analyses. We suggest that the first of two main diversification events led to the formation of a Southern and Northern Indian Ocean sister-species in the late Pliocene-early Pleistocene. The second led to the formation of two internal clades within each species around the onset of the last interglacial. The subsequent demographic history of the two lineages strongly differed, the Southern Indian Ocean sister-species showing a signature of recent population expansion and hardly any regional structure, whereas the Northern Indian Ocean sister-species apparently maintained a constant size with highly differentiated regional groupings that were asymmetrically connected by gene flow.
CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: Past and present surface circulation patterns in conjunction with ocean primary productivity were identified as the processes most likely to have shaped the genetic structure between and within the two Indian Ocean lineages. This knowledge will help to understand the biological or ecological differences of the two sibling species and therefore aid in developing strategies to manage population outbreaks of this coral predator in the Indian Ocean.
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22927975
???displayArticle.pmcLink???PMC3424128 ???displayArticle.link???PLoS One
Figure 2. Migration models compared in the Migrate analysis of the Northern Indian Ocean sister-species.Migration models range from M1: full exchange to M6: panmixia. west (w), east (e) and central (c) represent the regional groupings displayed in Fig. 1; arrows indicate direction of migration.
Figure 3. Schematic representation of the Indian Ocean surface circulation.
(a) During the southwest (July/August) and (b) northeast (December/January) monsoon after Schott and McCreary [67], in relation to crown-of-thorns starfish sampling locations (yellow circles: NIO sister-species, blue circles: SIO sister-species). Blue shaded areas indicate the area in which COTS larvae would likely be released according to season. Green wedges in (a) are upwelling areas. Current branches indicated are the South Equatorial Current (SEC), Southeast and Northeast Madagascar Current (SEMC and NEMC), East African Coast Current (EACC), Somali Current (SC), Ras al Hadd Jet (RHJ), West and East Indian Coast Current (WICC and EICC), Southwest and Northeast Monsoon Current (SMC and NMC), South Java Current (SJC).
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