Click
here to close Hello! We notice that
you are using Internet Explorer, which is not supported by Echinobase
and may cause the site to display incorrectly. We suggest using a
current version of Chrome,
FireFox,
or Safari.
Experimental manipulation of the amount of tubulin available for assembly into the spindle of dividing sea urchin eggs.
Sluder G
.
Abstract
Spindle assembly is studied in the eggs of the sea urchin Lytechinus variegatus by experimentally varying the amount of polymerizable tubulin within the egg. Aliquots of fertilized eggs from the same female are individually pulsed for 1-6 min with 1 X 10(-6) M Colcemid at least 20 min before first nuclear envelope breakdown. This treatment inactivates a portion of the cellular tubulin before the spindle is formed. Upon entering mitosis, treated eggs form functional spindles that are reduced in length and birefringent retardation but not width. With increased exposure to Colcemid, the length and retardation of the metaphase spindles are progressively reduced. Similar results are obtained by pulsing the eggs with Colcemid before fertilization, which demonstrates that the tubulin found in unfertilized sea urchin eggs is later used in spindle formation. Spindles, once assembled, are responsive to increases in the amount of polymerizable tubulin within the cell. Rapid increases in the amount of polymerizable tubulin within a Colcemid-treated cell can be experimentally effected by irradiating the cells with 366-nm light. This treatment photochemically inactivates the Colcemid, thereby freeing the tubulin to polymerize. Upon irradiation, the small prometaphase spindles of Colcemid-treated cells immediately increase in length and retardation. In these irradiated cells, spindle length and retardation increase as much as four times faster than they do during prometaphase for normal spindles. This suggests that the rate of the normal prometaphase increase in retardation and spindle size may be determined by factors other than the maximum rate of tubulin polymerization in the cell.
Aronson,
Reversal by light of the action of N-methyl N-desacetyl colchicine on mitosis.
1970, Pubmed
Aronson,
Reversal by light of the action of N-methyl N-desacetyl colchicine on mitosis.
1970,
Pubmed
Borisy,
The mechanism of action of colchicine. Binding of colchincine-3H to cellular protein.
1967,
Pubmed
Borisy,
Microtubule assembly in vitro.
1974,
Pubmed
Brinkley,
The effects of colcemid inhibition and reversal on the fine structure of the mitotic apparatus of Chinese hamster cells in vitro.
1967,
Pubmed
Bryan,
Inhibition of tubulin assembly by RNA and other polyanions: evidence for a required protein.
1975,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
Cohen,
An estimate of the amount of microtubule protein in the isolated mitotic apparatus.
1970,
Pubmed
Fuseler,
Repetitive procurement of mature gametes from individual sea stars and sea urchins.
1973,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
Goldman,
The structure and some properties of the isolated mitotic apparatus.
1969,
Pubmed
Heidemann,
Aster formation in eggs of Xenopus laevis. Induction by isolated basal bodies.
1975,
Pubmed
Inoué,
Growth and lability of Chaetopterus oocyte mitotic spindles isolated in the presence of porcine brain tubulin.
1974,
Pubmed
Inoué,
Functional organization of mitotic microtubules. Physical chemistry of the in vivo equilibrium system.
1975,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
Inoué,
Cell motility by labile association of molecules. The nature of mitotic spindle fibers and their role in chromosome movement.
1967,
Pubmed
Jacobs,
Tubulin nucleotide reactions and their role in microtubule assembly and dissociation.
1975,
Pubmed
MANGAN,
PROTEIN SYNTHESIS AND THE MITOTIC APPARATUS.
1965,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
McGill,
Human chromosomes and centrioles as nucleating sites for the in vitro assembly of microtubules from bovine brain tubulin.
1975,
Pubmed
Raff,
Soluble microtubule proteins of the sea urchin embryo: partial characterization of the proteins and behavior of the pool in early development.
1973,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
Raff,
Microtubule protein pools in early development.
1975,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
Raff,
Synthesis and storage of microtubule proteins by sea urchin embryos.
1971,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
Rebhun,
Reversible restoration of the birefringence of cold-treated, isolated mitotic apparatus of surf clam eggs with chick brain tubulin.
1974,
Pubmed
Rebhun,
Regulation of the in vivo mitotic apparatus by glycols and metabolic inhibitors.
1975,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
Rebhun,
Ultrastructure and birefringence of the isolated mitotic apparatus of marine eggs.
1967,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
Salmon,
Pressure-induced depolymerization of spindle microtubules. I. Changes in birefringence and spindle length.
1975,
Pubmed
Salmon,
Pressure-induced depolymerization of spindle microtubules. II. Thermodynamics of in vivo spindle assembly.
1975,
Pubmed
Sato,
Microtubular origin of mitotic spindle form birefringence. Demonstration of the applicability of Wiener's equation.
1975,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
Snyder,
Initiation and growth of microtubules from mitotic centers in lysed mammalian cells.
1975,
Pubmed
Stephens,
A thermodynamic analysis of mitotic spindle equilibrium at active metaphase.
1973,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
TAYLOR,
THE MECHANISM OF COLCHICINE INHIBITION OF MITOSIS. I. KINETICS OF INHIBITION AND THE BINDING OF H3-COLCHICINE.
1965,
Pubmed
Telzer,
Assembly of microtubules onto kinetochores of isolated mitotic chromosomes of HeLa cells.
1975,
Pubmed
Weingarten,
A protein factor essential for microtubule assembly.
1975,
Pubmed
Weisenberg,
Changes in the organization of tubulin during meiosis in the eggs of the surf clam, Spisula solidissima.
1972,
Pubmed
Weisenberg,
The role of nucleotides in microtubule assembly.
1975,
Pubmed
Weisenberg,
In vitro polymerization of microtubules into asters and spindles in homogenates of surf clam eggs.
1975,
Pubmed
Wilson,
Interaction of drugs with microtubule proteins.
1974,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase