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PeerJ
2017 Jan 01;5:e3489. doi: 10.7717/peerj.3489.
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Sea star Henricia spiculifera (Clark, 1901) in the northwestern Pacific: one species or three?
Chichvarkhin A
.
Abstract
Three species of the sea stars are reported from the waters of the northwestern Pacific. These species were referred by earlier authors as Henricia spiculifera or H. leviuscula spiculifera. Two of them, H. lineata and H. uluudax, were recently described from the Aleutian Islands. These species are reported for the first time from the western Pacific (southeastern Kamchatka shore, Commander Islands, and the northern Kurile Islands). The third species, H. olga sp. n. is herein described from the northern Sea of Japan. It is very likely that similar sea stars recorded in Yellow Sea and the southern Kurile Islands belong to H. olga sp. n. These three species are a part of a phylogenetic clade within the subgenus Setihenricia, which also includes H. sanguinolenta, H. multispina, and several undescribed species occurring in the northeastern Pacific.
Figure 2. Species delimitation and phylogenetic reconstruction using the 16S rRNA marker.(A) Unrooted 16S NJ tree based on p-distances; (B) 16S ML tree of the subgenus Setihenricia rooted with four species of non-Setihenricia clades. Bootstrap indices at the internodes (1,000 replicates).
Figure 3. Henricia lineata.(A) abactinal plates; (B) living specimen, Starichkov Island, Avacha Bay; (C) marginal plates; (D) denuded actinal side; (E) actinal side of preserved specimen; (F) abactinal spines; (G) abactinal pseudopaxillae. a, adambulacrals; v, ventrolaterals; i, inferomarginals; im, intermarginals; s, superomarginals; ab, abactinal plates; fs, furrow spines. Scale bars: A–F-10 mm, F-50 µm, G-1 mm.
Figure 4. Henricia uluudax.(A) abactinal plates; (B) life coloration, Avacha Bay; (C) abactinal side of disk, live specimen; (D) actinal side of preserved specimen; (E) denuded actinal side; (F) living specimen, Avacha Bay; (G) abactinal spines. a, adambulacrals; v, ventrolaterals; i, inferomarginals; im, intermarginals; s, superomarginals; fs, furrow spines. Scale bars: A–F-10 mm, G-50 µm.
Figure 5. Henricia olga. sp. n.Holotype: (A) denuded abactinal plates, holotype; (B) abactinal side, living specimen, paratype; (C) denuded marginal plates, holotype; (D) actinal side of preserved specimen, holotype; (E) life coloration, holotype; (F) life coloration, paratype; (G) abactinal spines (scale bar 50 mkm). a, adambulacrals; v, ventrolaterals; i, inferomarginals; im, intermarginals; s, superomarginals; ab, abactinal plates. Scale bars: A, C, D, F-5 mm, B-1 mm, E-10 mm, G-50 µm.
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