Click
here to close Hello! We notice that
you are using Internet Explorer, which is not supported by Echinobase
and may cause the site to display incorrectly. We suggest using a
current version of Chrome,
FireFox,
or Safari.
Mol Reprod Dev
2020 Mar 01;873:350-357. doi: 10.1002/mrd.23168.
Show Gene links
Show Anatomy links
Ion channels and signaling pathways used in the fast polyspermy block.
Wozniak KL
,
Carlson AE
.
???displayArticle.abstract???
Fertilization of an egg by multiple sperms, polyspermy, is lethal to most sexually reproducing species. To combat the entry of additional sperm into already fertilized eggs, organisms have developed various polyspermy blocks. One such barrier, the fast polyspermy block, uses a fertilization-activated depolarization of the egg membrane to electrically inhibit supernumerary sperm from entering the egg. The fast block is commonly used by eggs of oviparous animals with external fertilization. In this review, we discuss the history of the fast block discovery, as well as general features shared by all organisms that use this polyspermy block. Given the diversity of habitats of external fertilizers, the fine details of the fast block-signaling pathways differ drastically between species, including the identity of the depolarizing ions. We highlight the known molecular mediators of these signaling pathways in amphibians and echinoderms, with a fine focus on ion channels that signal these fertilization-evoked depolarizations. We also discuss the investigation for a fast polyspermy block in mammals and teleost fish, and we outline potential fast block triggers. Since the first electrical recordings made on eggs in the 1950s, the fields of developmental biology and electrophysiology have substantially matured, and yet we are only now beginning to discern the intricate molecular mechanisms regulating the fast block to polyspermy.
???displayArticle.pubmedLink???
31087507
???displayArticle.pmcLink???PMC6851399 ???displayArticle.link???Mol Reprod Dev ???displayArticle.grants???[+]
Bauer,
An endogenous inactivating inward-rectifying potassium current in oocytes of Xenopus laevis.
1996, Pubmed
Bauer,
An endogenous inactivating inward-rectifying potassium current in oocytes of Xenopus laevis.
1996,
Pubmed
Bianchi,
Sperm Meets Egg: The Genetics of Mammalian Fertilization.
2016,
Pubmed
Brawley,
The fast block against polyspermy in fucoid algae is an electrical block.
1991,
Pubmed
Busa,
Activation of frog (Xenopus laevis) eggs by inositol trisphosphate. I. Characterization of Ca2+ release from intracellular stores.
1985,
Pubmed
Cary,
EchinoBase: Tools for Echinoderm Genome Analyses.
2018,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
Chambers,
Membrane potential, action potential and activation potential of eggs of the sea urchin, Lytechinus variegatus.
1979,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
Charbonneau,
Fertilization of amphibian eggs: a comparison of electrical responses between anurans and urodeles.
1983,
Pubmed
Chun,
Early events of fertilization in sea urchin eggs are sensitive to actin-binding organic molecules.
2014,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
Coward,
Identification and functional analysis of an ovarian form of the egg activation factor phospholipase C zeta (PLCζ) in pufferfish.
2011,
Pubmed
Cross,
Initiation of the activation potential by an increase in intracellular calcium in eggs of the frog, Rana pipiens.
1981,
Pubmed
Cross,
A fast block to polyspermy in frogs mediated by changes in the membrane potential.
1980,
Pubmed
Dale,
Is the idea of a fast block to polyspermy based on artifact?
2014,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
Dale,
Polyspermy prevention: facts and artifacts?
2011,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
Glahn,
Voltage-clamp study of the activation currents and fast block to polyspermy in the egg of Xenopus laevis.
2003,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
Goudeau,
Evidence by a voltage clamp study of an electrically mediated block to polyspermy in the egg of the ascidian Phallusia mammillata.
1994,
Pubmed
Grey,
An electrical block is required to prevent polyspermy in eggs fertilized by natural mating of Xenopus laevis.
1982,
Pubmed
HIRAMOTO,
Changes in electric properties upon fertilization in the sea urchin egg.
1959,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
Hachem,
PLCζ is the physiological trigger of the Ca2+ oscillations that induce embryogenesis in mammals but conception can occur in its absence.
2017,
Pubmed
Hammond,
The North American bullfrog draft genome provides insight into hormonal regulation of long noncoding RNA.
2017,
Pubmed
Hartzell,
Anoctamin/TMEM16 family members are Ca2+-activated Cl- channels.
2009,
Pubmed
Hellsten,
The genome of the Western clawed frog Xenopus tropicalis.
2010,
Pubmed
Ito,
Difference in Ca2+ oscillation-inducing activity and nuclear translocation ability of PLCZ1, an egg-activating sperm factor candidate, between mouse, rat, human, and medaka fish.
2008,
Pubmed
Iwao,
An electrically mediated block to polyspermy in the primitive urodele Hynobius nebulosus and phylogenetic comparison with other amphibians.
1989,
Pubmed
Iwao,
Egg activation in physiological polyspermy.
2012,
Pubmed
Jaffe,
Fast block to polyspermy in sea urchin eggs is electrically mediated.
1976,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
Jaffe,
Studies of the voltage-dependent polyspermy block using cross-species fertilization of amphibians.
1983,
Pubmed
Jaffe,
Absence of an electrical polyspermy block in the mouse.
1983,
Pubmed
Kline,
Calcium-dependent events at fertilization of the frog egg: injection of a calcium buffer blocks ion channel opening, exocytosis, and formation of pronuclei.
1988,
Pubmed
Kline,
Fertilization potential and polyspermy prevention in the egg of the nemertean, Cerebratulus lacteus.
1985,
Pubmed
Lynn,
Voltage clamp studies of fertilization in sea urchin eggs. II. Current patterns in relation to sperm entry, nonentry, and activation.
1988,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
MAENO,
Electrical characteristics and activation potential of Bufo eggs.
1959,
Pubmed
MARMONT,
Studies on the axon membrane; a new method.
1949,
Pubmed
McCulloh,
Calcium influx mediates the voltage-dependence of sperm entry into sea urchin eggs.
2000,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
McCulloh,
Insemination of rabbit eggs is associated with slow depolarization and repetitive diphasic membrane potentials.
1983,
Pubmed
Miyazaki,
Fast polyspermy block and activation potential. Correlated changes during oocyte maturation of a starfish.
1979,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
Miyazaki,
Fertilization potential in golden hamster eggs consists of recurring hyperpolarizations.
1981,
Pubmed
Miyazaki,
Ca-mediated activation of a K current at fertilization of golden hamster eggs.
1982,
Pubmed
Mizushima,
Fertilization 2: Polyspermic Fertilization.
2017,
Pubmed
Moccia,
NAADP triggers the fertilization potential in starfish oocytes.
2004,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
Nozawa,
Sperm-borne phospholipase C zeta-1 ensures monospermic fertilization in mice.
2018,
Pubmed
Nuccitelli,
The fertilization potential is not necessary for the block to polyspermy or the activation of development in the medaka egg.
1980,
Pubmed
Nuccitelli,
Controversy over the fast, partial, temporary block to polyspermy in sea urchins: a reevaluation.
1984,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
Okamoto,
Ionic currents through the membrane of the mammalian oocyte and their comparison with those in the tunicate and sea urchin.
1977,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
Peres,
Sodium conductance and the activation potential in Xenopus laevis eggs.
1985,
Pubmed
Pough,
Amphibian biology and husbandry.
2007,
Pubmed
Qu,
Anion permeation in Ca(2+)-activated Cl(-) channels.
2000,
Pubmed
Ramos,
Calcium pathway machinery at fertilization in echinoderms.
2013,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
Runft,
Egg activation at fertilization: where it all begins.
2002,
Pubmed
Sato,
Tyrosine kinase-dependent activation of phospholipase Cgamma is required for calcium transient in Xenopus egg fertilization.
2000,
Pubmed
Saunders,
PLC zeta: a sperm-specific trigger of Ca(2+) oscillations in eggs and embryo development.
2002,
Pubmed
Schmidt,
Is there a role for the Ca2+ influx during fertilization of the sea urchin egg?
1982,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
Session,
Genome evolution in the allotetraploid frog Xenopus laevis.
2016,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
Shen,
Sources of calcium in sea urchin eggs during the fertilization response.
1993,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
Snook,
The biology and evolution of polyspermy: insights from cellular and functional studies of sperm and centrosomal behavior in the fertilized egg.
2011,
Pubmed
Sodergren,
The genome of the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus purpuratus.
2006,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
Steinhardt,
Bioelectric responses of the echinoderm egg to fertilization.
1971,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
Steinhardt,
Membrane potential, membrane resistance and an energy requirement for the development of potassium conductance in the fertilization reaction of echinoderm eggs.
1972,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
Stricker,
Comparative biology of calcium signaling during fertilization and egg activation in animals.
1999,
Pubmed
Suarez,
Sperm transport and motility in the mouse oviduct: observations in situ.
1987,
Pubmed
Sun,
Whole-genome sequence of the Tibetan frog Nanorana parkeri and the comparative evolution of tetrapod genomes.
2015,
Pubmed
Swann,
Sperm-induced currents at fertilization in sea urchin eggs injected with EGTA and neomycin.
1992,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
Tsien,
New calcium indicators and buffers with high selectivity against magnesium and protons: design, synthesis, and properties of prototype structures.
1980,
Pubmed
Tu,
Quantitative developmental transcriptomes of the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus purpuratus.
2014,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
Tu,
Gene structure in the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus purpuratus based on transcriptome analysis.
2012,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
Uehara,
CHANGES OF THE MEMBRANE POTENTIAL AT THE TIME OF FERTILIZATION IN THE SEA URCHIN EGG WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO THE FERTILIZATION-WAVE.
1972,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
Webb,
Fertilization potential and electrical properties of the Xenopus laevis egg.
1985,
Pubmed
Whitaker,
Evidence in support of the hypothesis of an electrically mediated fast block to polyspermy in sea urchin eggs.
1983,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
Wong,
Defending the zygote: search for the ancestral animal block to polyspermy.
2006,
Pubmed
Wozniak,
The TMEM16A channel mediates the fast polyspermy block in Xenopus laevis.
2018,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
Wozniak,
PLC and IP3-evoked Ca2+ release initiate the fast block to polyspermy in Xenopus laevis eggs.
2018,
Pubmed
Wright,
Anion selectivity in biological systems.
1977,
Pubmed
Wühr,
Deep proteomics of the Xenopus laevis egg using an mRNA-derived reference database.
2014,
Pubmed
