Click
here to close Hello! We notice that
you are using Internet Explorer, which is not supported by Echinobase
and may cause the site to display incorrectly. We suggest using a
current version of Chrome,
FireFox,
or Safari.
Braz J Med Biol Res
2014 Sep 01;479:780-8. doi: 10.1590/1414-431x20142983.
Show Gene links
Show Anatomy links
Beneficial effects of Ginkgo biloba extract on insulin signaling cascade, dyslipidemia, and body adiposity of diet-induced obese rats.
Banin RM
,
Hirata BK
,
Andrade IS
,
Zemdegs JC
,
Clemente AP
,
Dornellas AP
,
Boldarine VT
,
Estadella D
,
Albuquerque KT
,
Oyama LM
,
Ribeiro EB
,
Telles MM
.
Abstract
Ginkgo biloba extract (GbE) has been indicated as an efficient medicine for the treatment of diabetes mellitus type 2. It remains unclear if its effects are due to an improvement of the insulin signaling cascade, especially in obese subjects. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of GbE on insulin tolerance, food intake, body adiposity, lipid profile, fasting insulin, and muscle levels of insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS-1), protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP-1B), and protein kinase B (Akt), as well as Akt phosphorylation, in diet-induced obese rats. Rats were fed with a high-fat diet (HFD) or a normal fat diet (NFD) for 8 weeks. After that, the HFD group was divided into two groups: rats gavaged with a saline vehicle (HFD+V), and rats gavaged with 500 mg/kg of GbE diluted in the saline vehicle (HFD+Gb). NFD rats were gavaged with the saline vehicle only. At the end of the treatment, the rats were anesthetized, insulin was injected into the portal vein, and after 90s, the gastrocnemius muscle was removed. The quantification of IRS-1, Akt, and Akt phosphorylation was performed using Western blotting. Serum levels of fasting insulin and glucose, triacylglycerols and total cholesterol, and LDL and HDL fractions were measured. An insulin tolerance test was also performed. Ingestion of a hyperlipidic diet promoted loss of insulin sensitivity and also resulted in a significant increase in body adiposity, plasma triacylglycerol, and glucose levels. In addition, GbE treatment significantly reduced food intake and body adiposity while it protected against hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia in diet-induced obesity rats. It also enhanced insulin sensitivity in comparison to HFD+V rats, while it restored insulin-induced Akt phosphorylation, increased IRS-1, and reduced PTP-1B levels in gastrocnemius muscle. The present findings suggest that G. biloba might be efficient in preventing and treating obesity-induced insulin signaling impairment.
Figure 4. Mass weight (g) of retroperitoneal, epididymal and mesenteric white adipose
tissue depots of normal fat diet (NFD; n=16), high-fat diet plus vehicle
(HFD+V; n=11), and high-fat diet plus Ginkgo biloba (HFD+Gb;
n=9) groups after phytotherapy. *P<0.05 vs NFD,
#P<0.05 vs HFD+V (one-way ANOVA followed by
the Tukey HSD test).
Figure 6. Akt phosphorylation levels in gastrocnemius muscle of A,
NFD- (basal, n=5) and NFD+ (insulin-stimulated, n=5); B,
HFD+V- (basal, n=6) and HFD+V+ (insulin-stimulated, n=6); and
C, HFD+Gb- (basal, n=6) and HFD+Gb+ (insulin-stimulated,
n=6) groups after phytotherapy treatment. Akt: protein kinase B; NFD: normal
fat diet; HFD: high-fat diet; V: vehicle (saline); Gb: Ginkgo
biloba. *P<0.05 vs basal (Student
t-test).
Figure 7. IRS-1 levels in gastrocnemius muscle of NFD (n=10), HFD+V (n=7), and HFD+Gb
(n=9) groups after phytotherapy treatment. IRS-1: insulin receptor substrate 1;
NFD: normal fat diet; HFD: high-fat diet; V: vehicle (saline); Gb:
Ginkgo biloba. #P<0.05 vs
HFD+V (one-way ANOVA followed by the Tukey HSD test).
Figure 8. PTP-1B levels in gastrocnemius muscle of NFD (n=10), HFD+V (n=9), and
HFD+Gb (n=8) groups after phyttherapy treatment. PTP-1B: protein tyrosine
phosphatase 1B; NFD: normal fat diet; HFD: high-fat diet; V: vehicle (saline);
Gb: Ginkgo biloba. #P<0.05 vs
HFD+V (one-way ANOVA followed by the Tukey HSD test).
Abdul-Ghani,
Pathogenesis of insulin resistance in skeletal muscle.
2010, Pubmed
Abdul-Ghani,
Pathogenesis of insulin resistance in skeletal muscle.
2010,
Pubmed
Betteridge,
Thiazolidinediones and fracture risk in patients with Type 2 diabetes.
2011,
Pubmed
Buettner,
High-fat diets: modeling the metabolic disorders of human obesity in rodents.
2007,
Pubmed
Campbell,
Comparing the actions of older and newer therapies on body weight: to what extent should these effects guide the selection of antidiabetic therapy?
2010,
Pubmed
DeFeudis,
Ginkgo biloba extracts and cancer: a research area in its infancy.
2003,
Pubmed
Dell'Agli,
Biflavones of Ginkgo biloba stimulate lipolysis in 3T3-L1 adipocytes.
2002,
Pubmed
Drieu,
Effect of the extract of Ginkgo biloba (EGb 761) on the circulating and cellular profiles of polyunsaturated fatty acids: correlation with the anti-oxidant properties of the extract.
2000,
Pubmed
El-Boghdady,
Increased cardiac endothelin-1 and nitric oxide in adriamycin-induced acute cardiotoxicity: protective effect of Ginkgo biloba extract.
2013,
Pubmed
Elchebly,
Increased insulin sensitivity and obesity resistance in mice lacking the protein tyrosine phosphatase-1B gene.
1999,
Pubmed
Fayh,
Effects of 5 % weight loss through diet or diet plus exercise on cardiovascular parameters of obese: a randomized clinical trial.
2013,
Pubmed
Figueiredo-Silva,
High levels of dietary fat impair glucose homeostasis in rainbow trout.
2012,
Pubmed
Goldberg,
Weight loss induced by nutritional and exercise intervention decreases arterial stiffness in obese subjects.
2009,
Pubmed
Hilal,
The association of anthropometric measurements and lipid profiles in Turkish hypertensive adults.
2011,
Pubmed
Kudolo,
The effect of 3-month ingestion of Ginkgo biloba extract (EGb 761) on pancreatic beta-cell function in response to glucose loading in individuals with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.
2001,
Pubmed
Kudolo,
The effect of 3-month ingestion of Ginkgo biloba extract on pancreatic beta-cell function in response to glucose loading in normal glucose tolerant individuals.
2000,
Pubmed
Kudolo,
The effect of the ingestion of Ginkgo biloba extract (EGb 761) on the pharmacokinetics of metformin in non-diabetic and type 2 diabetic subjects--a double blind placebo-controlled, crossover study.
2006,
Pubmed
Kudolo,
Short-term oral ingestion of Ginkgo biloba extract (EGb 761) reduces malondialdehyde levels in washed platelets of type 2 diabetic subjects.
2005,
Pubmed
Lladó,
Gender effects on adrenergic receptor expression and lipolysis in white adipose tissue of rats.
2002,
Pubmed
Lu,
Risk of stroke with thiazolidinediones: a ten-year nationwide population-based cohort study.
2013,
Pubmed
Lucinda,
Evidences of osteoporosis improvement in Wistar rats treated with Ginkgo biloba extract: a histomorphometric study of mandible and femur.
2010,
Pubmed
Mehlsen,
Effects of a Ginkgo biloba extract on forearm haemodynamics in healthy volunteers.
2002,
Pubmed
Park,
Preventive effect of Ginkgo biloba extract (GBB) on the lipopolysaccharide-induced expressions of inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2 via suppression of nuclear factor-kappaB in RAW 264.7 cells.
2006,
Pubmed
Pereira-Lancha,
Obesity: considerations about etiology, metabolism, and the use of experimental models.
2012,
Pubmed
Pêgo-Fernandes,
Obesity: the greatest epidemic of the 21st century?
2011,
Pubmed
Rostoker,
Vascular hyperpermeability in nephrotic edema.
2000,
Pubmed
Saponara,
Inhibition of cAMP-phosphodiesterase by biflavones of Ginkgo biloba in rat adipose tissue.
1998,
Pubmed
Shah,
Ginkgo biloba normalises stress-elevated alterations in brain catecholamines, serotonin and plasma corticosterone levels.
2003,
Pubmed
Tanaka,
[Effects of the flavonoid fraction from Ginkgo biloba extract on the postprandial blood glucose elevation in rats].
2004,
Pubmed
Trayhurn,
Adipose tissue in obesity--an inflammatory issue.
2005,
Pubmed
Tremblay,
Defective insulin-induced GLUT4 translocation in skeletal muscle of high fat-fed rats is associated with alterations in both Akt/protein kinase B and atypical protein kinase C (zeta/lambda) activities.
2001,
Pubmed
Vasseur,
Effects of repeated treatments with an extract of Ginkgo biloba (EGb 761), bilobalide and ginkgolide B on the electrical activity of pancreatic beta cells of normal or alloxan-diabetic mice: an ex vivo study with intracellular microelectrodes.
1994,
Pubmed
Xu,
Association between serum lipids, blood pressure, and simple anthropometric measures in an adult Chinese population.
2008,
Pubmed
Yang,
Diet high in fat and sucrose induces rapid onset of obesity-related metabolic syndrome partly through rapid response of genes involved in lipogenesis, insulin signalling and inflammation in mice.
2012,
Pubmed
Yeh,
Use of complementary therapies in patients with cardiovascular disease.
2006,
Pubmed
Youngren,
Impaired insulin-receptor autophosphorylation is an early defect in fat-fed, insulin-resistant rats.
2001,
Pubmed
