Click
here to close Hello! We notice that
you are using Internet Explorer, which is not supported by Echinobase
and may cause the site to display incorrectly. We suggest using a
current version of Chrome,
FireFox,
or Safari.
Evolutionary dynamics of the wnt gene family: a lophotrochozoan perspective.
Cho SJ
,
Vallès Y
,
Giani VC
,
Seaver EC
,
Weisblat DA
.
???displayArticle.abstract???
The wnt gene family encodes a set of secreted glycoproteins involved in key developmental processes, including cell fate specification and regulation of posterior growth (Cadigan KM, Nusse R. 1997. Wnt signaling: a common theme in animal development. Genes Dev. 11:3286-3305.; Martin BL, Kimelman D. 2009. Wnt signaling and the evolution of embryonic posterior development. Curr Biol. 19:R215-R219.). As for many other gene families, evidence for expansion and/or contraction of the wnt family is available from deuterostomes (e.g., echinoderms and vertebrates [Nusse R, Varmus HE. 1992. Wnt genes. Cell. 69:1073-1087.; Schubert M, Holland LZ, Holland ND, Jacobs DK. 2000. A phylogenetic tree of the Wnt genes based on all available full-length sequences, including five from the cephalochordate amphioxus. Mol Biol Evol. 17:1896-1903.; Croce JC, Wu SY, Byrum C, Xu R, Duloquin L, Wikramanayake AH, Gache C, McClay DR. 2006. A genome-wide survey of the evolutionarily conserved Wnt pathways in the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus purpuratus. Dev Biol. 300:121-131.]) and ecdysozoans (e.g., arthropods and nematodes [Eisenmann DM. 2005. Wnt signaling. WormBook. 1-17.; Bolognesi R, Farzana L, Fischer TD, Brown SJ. 2008. Multiple Wnt genes are required for segmentation in the short-germ embryo of Tribolium castaneum. Curr Biol. 18:1624-1629.]), but little is known from the third major bilaterian group, the lophotrochozoans (e.g., mollusks and annelids [Prud''homme B, Lartillot N, Balavoine G, Adoutte A, Vervoort M. 2002. Phylogenetic analysis of the Wnt gene family. Insights from lophotrochozoan members. Curr Biol. 12:1395.]). To obtain a more comprehensive scenario of the evolutionary dynamics of this gene family, we exhaustively mined wnt gene sequences from the whole genome assemblies of a mollusk (Lottia gigantea) and two annelids (Capitella teleta and Helobdella robusta) and examined them by phylogenetic, genetic linkage, intron-exon structure, and embryonic expression analyses. The 36 wnt genes obtained represent 11, 12, and 9 distinct wnt subfamilies in Lottia, Capitella, and Helobdella, respectively. Thus, two of the three analyzed lophotrochozoan genomes retained an almost complete ancestral complement of wnt genes emphasizing the importance and complexity of this gene family across metazoans. The genome of the leech Helobdella reflects significantly more dynamism than those of Lottia and Capitella, as judged by gene duplications and losses, branch length, and changes in genetic linkage. Finally, we performed a detailed expression analysis for all the Helobdella wnt genes during embryonic development. We find that, although the patterns show substantial overlap during early cleavage stages, each wnt gene has a unique expression pattern in the germinal plate and during tissue morphogenesis. Comparisons of the embryonic expression patterns of the duplicated wnt genes in Helobdella with their orthologs in Capitella reveal extensive regulatory diversification of the duplicated leech wnt genes.
Abascal,
ProtTest: selection of best-fit models of protein evolution.
2005, Pubmed
Abascal,
ProtTest: selection of best-fit models of protein evolution.
2005,
Pubmed
Bolognesi,
Multiple Wnt genes are required for segmentation in the short-germ embryo of Tribolium castaneum.
2008,
Pubmed
Burch,
Regulation of GATA gene expression during vertebrate development.
2005,
Pubmed
Cadigan,
Wnt signaling: a common theme in animal development.
1997,
Pubmed
Castresana,
Selection of conserved blocks from multiple alignments for their use in phylogenetic analysis.
2000,
Pubmed
Croce,
A genome-wide survey of the evolutionarily conserved Wnt pathways in the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus purpuratus.
2006,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
Emes,
Duplicated paralogous genes subject to positive selection in the genome of Trypanosoma brucei.
2008,
Pubmed
Garriock,
Census of vertebrate Wnt genes: isolation and developmental expression of Xenopus Wnt2, Wnt3, Wnt9a, Wnt9b, Wnt10a, and Wnt16.
2007,
Pubmed
Gitelman,
Evolution of the vertebrate twist family and synfunctionalization: a mechanism for differential gene loss through merging of expression domains.
2007,
Pubmed
Gonsalves,
MAPK regulation of maternal and zygotic Notch transcript stability in early development.
2007,
Pubmed
Gu,
Duplicate genes increase gene expression diversity within and between species.
2004,
Pubmed
Huang,
Stochastic WNT signaling between nonequivalent cells regulates adhesion but not fate in the two-cell leech embryo.
2001,
Pubmed
Huang,
Micromere lineages in the glossiphoniid leech Helobdella.
2002,
Pubmed
Huelsenbeck,
MRBAYES: Bayesian inference of phylogenetic trees.
2001,
Pubmed
Huson,
Dendroscope: An interactive viewer for large phylogenetic trees.
2007,
Pubmed
Irimia,
Spliceosomal introns as tools for genomic and evolutionary analysis.
2008,
Pubmed
Kang,
A hedgehog homolog regulates gut formation in leech (Helobdella).
2003,
Pubmed
Kusserow,
Unexpected complexity of the Wnt gene family in a sea anemone.
2005,
Pubmed
Larkin,
Clustal W and Clustal X version 2.0.
2007,
Pubmed
Lengfeld,
Multiple Wnts are involved in Hydra organizer formation and regeneration.
2009,
Pubmed
Li,
Extensive, recent intron gains in Daphnia populations.
2009,
Pubmed
Li,
Expression divergence between duplicate genes.
2005,
Pubmed
Martin,
Wnt signaling and the evolution of embryonic posterior development.
2009,
Pubmed
Meyer,
Neurogenesis in an annelid: characterization of brain neural precursors in the polychaete Capitella sp. I.
2009,
Pubmed
Nusse,
Wnt genes.
1992,
Pubmed
Philippe,
Phylogenomics revives traditional views on deep animal relationships.
2009,
Pubmed
Prud'homme,
Phylogenetic analysis of the Wnt gene family. Insights from lophotrochozoan members.
2002,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
Putnam,
The amphioxus genome and the evolution of the chordate karyotype.
2008,
Pubmed
Rivera,
Characterization of Notch-class gene expression in segmentation stem cells and segment founder cells in Helobdella robusta (Lophotrochozoa; Annelida; Clitellata; Hirudinida; Glossiphoniidae).
2005,
Pubmed
Schubert,
A phylogenetic tree of the Wnt genes based on all available full-length sequences, including five from the cephalochordate amphioxus.
2000,
Pubmed
Seaver,
The spatial and temporal expression of Ch-en, the engrailed gene in the polychaete Chaetopterus, does not support a role in body axis segmentation.
2001,
Pubmed
Seaver,
Growth patterns during segmentation in the two polychaete annelids, Capitella sp. I and Hydroides elegans: comparisons at distinct life history stages.
2005,
Pubmed
Seaver,
Expression of 'segmentation' genes during larval and juvenile development in the polychaetes Capitella sp. I and H. elegans.
2006,
Pubmed
Shain,
Gangliogenesis in leech: morphogenetic processes leading to segmentation in the central nervous system.
1998,
Pubmed
Stamatakis,
RAxML-III: a fast program for maximum likelihood-based inference of large phylogenetic trees.
2005,
Pubmed
Struck,
Annelid phylogeny and the status of Sipuncula and Echiura.
2007,
Pubmed
Weisblat,
Cell lineage and segmentation in the leech.
1985,
Pubmed
Whelan,
A general empirical model of protein evolution derived from multiple protein families using a maximum-likelihood approach.
2001,
Pubmed
Wray,
The evolution of transcriptional regulation in eukaryotes.
2003,
Pubmed
Zhang,
Applications of mRNA injections for analyzing cell lineage and asymmetric cell divisions during segmentation in the leech Helobdella robusta.
2005,
Pubmed
Zrzavý,
Phylogeny of Annelida (Lophotrochozoa): total-evidence analysis of morphology and six genes.
2009,
Pubmed
