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Mycobiology
2020 Oct 23;486:484-494. doi: 10.1080/12298093.2020.1830486.
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Screening of Endophytic Fungal Isolates Against Raffaelea quercus-mongolicae Causing Oak Wilt Disease in Korea.
Nguyen MH
,
Yong JH
,
Sung HJ
,
Lee JK
.
Abstract
Oak wilt disease caused by Raffaelea quercus-mongolicae has emerged obviously in Korea. We selected antifungal isolates against R. quercus-mongolicae among 368 endophytic fungal isolates from different parts of oak and pine trees. The experiment was conducted in the primary and secondary screenings by dual culture test. The antifungal activity of the selected isolates was assessed in culture filtrate test based on the inhibition rates in mycelial growth, sporulation, and spore germination of oak wilt fungus. Five isolates, E089, E199, E282, E409 and E415, showed strong antifungal activity in culture filtrate test, and their antifungal activity decreased on the culture media supplemented with heated culture filtrate. Higher mycelial growth inhibitions on the unheated media were recorded in E409 (Colletotrichum acutatum), E089 (Daldinia childiae), E415 (Alternaria alternata) and E199 (Daldinia childiae) with the inhibition rates of 79.0%, 70.1%, 68.9% and 64.5%, respectively. These isolates also had the higher sporulation inhibitions on unheated media with the rates of 96.8%, 84.2%, 82.8% and 80.5%, respectively. The spore germination of the oak wilt fungus was completely inhibited by E282 (Nectria balsamea) on both unheated and heated media. These results showed that a higher number of potent antifungal isolates against oak wilt fungus was isolated from the petiole compared to the other parts. This study could contribute to the development of biological control approaches for the management of oak wilt disease caused by R. quercus-mongolicae.
Figure 1. Dual culture test results showing mycelial growth inhibition of R. quercus-mongolicae by endophytic fungal isolates with strong antifungal activity at 7 days after inoculation in the dark at 25 °C.
Figure 2. Mycelial growth inhibition rate (MGI %) of endophytic fungal isolates against oak wilt fungus in culture filtrate test at 5 days after inoculation in the dark at 25 °C. Different letters indicate a significant difference (p < 0.05) among treatments by Tukey’s HSD test.
Figure 3. Mycelial growth of R. quercus-mongolicae on culture media containing unheated or heated culture filtrate of endophytic fungal isolates at 5 days after inoculation in the dark at 25 °C (a: unheated media; b: heated media).
Figure 4. Sporulation inhibition rate (SI%) of endophytic fungal isolates against R. quercus-mongolicae in culture filtrate test at 12 days after inoculation (5 days in the dark at 25 °C and 7 days in room temperature condition). Different letters indicate a significant difference (p < 0.05) among treatments by Tukey’s HSD test.
Figure 5. Spore germination inhibition rate (SGI %) of endophytic fungal isolates against R. quercus-mongolicae in culture filtrate test at 3 days after inoculation in the dark at 25 °C. Different letters indicate a significant difference (p < 0.05) among treatments by Tukey’s HSD test.
Figure 6. Spore germination of R. quercus-mongolicae on culture media containing unheated or heated culture filtrate of endophytic fungal isolates at 3 days after inoculation in the dark at 25 °C (a: unheated media; b: heated media).
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